Cool Things to Do With Dry Ice - Chemistry

Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide. It is called dry ice because its frozen, yet never melts into a liquid. Dry ice sublimates or makes the transition directly from frozen solid into carbon dioxide gas. If you are lucky enough to get some dry ice, there are lot of projects you can try. Here are some of my favorite cool things to do with dry ice. Homemade Dry Ice - First you need dry ice, so if you dont have any, make it! Dry Ice Fog - The classic project is to put a chunk of dry ice in hot water, causing it to produce clouds of vapor or fog. Dry Ice Crystal Ball - Place a piece of dry ice in a bowl or cup containing bubble solution. Wet a towel with bubble solution and pull it across the lip of the bowl, trapping the carbon dioxide into a giant bubble that resembles a crystal ball. Frozen Bubble - Freeze a soap bubble over a piece of dry ice. The bubble will appear to float in the air over the dry ice. Fizzy Fruit - Freeze strawberries or other fruit using dry ice. Carbon dioxide bubbles become trapped in the fruit, making it fizzy and carbonated. Singing or Screaming Spoon - Press any metal object against a piece of dry ice and it will appear to sing or scream as it vibrates. Dry Ice Ice Cream - You can use dry ice to make instant ice cream. Because carbon dioxide gas is released, the resulting ice cream is bubbly and carb onated, sort of like an ice cream float. Dry Ice Bubbles - Place a piece of dry ice in bubble solution. Fog-filled bubbles will form. Popping them releases dry ice fog, which is a cool effect. Simulate a Comet - Simulate a comet using dry ice and a few other simple materials. It will even produce a tail like a real comet. Dry Ice Jack-o-Lantern - Make a cool Halloween jack-o-lantern that spews dry ice fog. Dry Ice Erupting Volcano Cake - While you cant eat dry ice, you can use it as a decoration for food. In this project, dry ice produces a volcanic eruption for a volcano cake. Dry Ice Bomb - Sealing dry ice into a container will cause it to burst. The safest version of this is to place a small piece of dry ice into a plastic film canister or potato chip can with a pop lid.Inflate a Balloon - Seal a small piece of dry ice inside a balloon. As the dry ice sublimates, the balloon will blow up. If you use too big a piece of dry ice, the balloon will pop!Inflate a Glove - Similarly, you can put a piece of dry ice into a latex or other plastic glove and tie it closed. The dry ice will inflate the glove. Dry ice is a lot of fun to play with, but it is very cold, plus there are other hazards associated with it. Before attempting a project involving dry ice, be sure you are aware of dry ice risks. Have fun and be safe! Dry Ice Facts | Dry Ice Science Fair Projects

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 812 Words

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, (PTSD), described by DSM-5 is in which he or she has been exposed to a traumatic event either experiencing or witnessing the event. PTSD classified in DSM is related to the family of anxiety disorders but also involves dissociative symptomology (Dombeck). DSM first identified Post Traumatic Stress Disorder as a psychiatric disorder in 1980. The 1980’s had many mental health professionals having trouble diagnosing veterans coming back from the Vietnam War. Scientists believe PTSD was identified and recognized thoroughly in the view of soldiers coming back from the Vietnam War was because they were not openly welcome and were not identified to be heroes (Loughran, 2011). Since these soldiers coming back from†¦show more content†¦It redefined the symptoms of the disorder as a normal response to an abnormal event rather than a pathological condition† (Loughran, 2011). PTSD is caused by many different events that occurs in her or his life but is mainly connected to traumatic events. â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder is triggered by psychologically traumatic events outside the usual range of human experience. Such events include a serious threat to a person’s life or physical integrity (for example, rape, motor vehicle accident, or violent assault), destruction of a person’s home or community (for example, through a natural disaster or fire), or seeing another person who is mutilated, dying or dead† (Loughran, 2011). Each person is different in the way he or she reacts to a traumatic event and some are able to recover easily and some are not able to recover as easily. â€Å"How people experience their wounding brought on by a traumatizing event is strongly related to their personal temperament, personal history (especially any prior traumas), context (the setting or environment), and the subjective impact of the event† (Krippner, Pitchford, Davies, 2012). Post-Traumatic Stress Diso rder symptoms include hyper arousal, re-experiencing and dissociation (Sher Vilens, 2010). With hyper arousal, he or she has increased anxiety and emotional arousal. This includes difficulty falling or staying asleep, irritability or outbursts of anger,

Essay on Debatable Topics in Microcredit Interest Rates

The most debatable topic in microcredit has always been interest rates, especially that prices paid by low-income clients tend to be higher than conventional banks’ rates, and interest rates for some MFIs have exceeded annual rate of 100 percent on effective basis. In Egypt, microcredit rates are increasingly being criticized and viewed as unreasonably high, while it is immoral to set high prices on the poor. At least once a year, an article must be found in an Egyptian newspaper urging for the need to create â€Å"a bank for the poor†. Driven by religious perspective and long history of subsidized policies, the longing for a bank for the poor in Egypt have always been spinning around the idea of providing credit to low-income households†¦show more content†¦2011). Supporters of commercial microcredit claim that microcredit clients’ major priority is the accessibility to finance rather than its costs, Porteous (2006), claims that the main priority for mi crocredit clients is the structure of the loan rather than its price, what really matters is the loan size, type of the loan and disbursement timing and procedures. This claim is usually supported by steady demand on microcredit regardless of the charged rates, and mainstreaming about high rate of return for micro-enterprises. Gobezie, (2004) and Cull, et al (2007) estimate high rate of return to invested capital for those with low capital and who are facing capital constraints. Accordingly, poor households would still have a sufficient income even with high effective interest rates. Goldstein, Udry, (1999) and Bidwell, (2009), found similar results for small scale farmers. While on the contrary, many studies observed clear evidence for the sensitivity of the demand for microcredit to interest rate greater than wealthier borrowers (Dehejia et al. 2005, Annim, 2011 and Karlan, Zinman 2008). Hashemi, Rosenberg, (2006) explained that microcredit high rates are rational, associated with high risks, lack of guarantees and challenges of continually providing non-financial services. While according to Morduch, (2000), high rates are caused by high inelastic demand for credit among populations where financial services are limited. On the basis of cost per

Is God Racist Essays - 1019 Words

There is a distinct problem with religion in this country. The churches of America have become racially divided, creating inequalities amongst our populace. Racial divisions run deep, and there is an undeniable relationship between religion and racism. Since the inception of this country, we have been racially divided. These divisions continued throughout the 20th century, and continue to this very day. These divisions often include, but are not limited to social and political values. Racism in Americas religious institutions can be traced to the very roots of America. Original religious views on other races had little bearing in everyday life. White Christians `paid little attention to slaves souls (22), and often viewed them as†¦show more content†¦But since the blessed gospel now sheds its genial influence on Africa, by the preaching of missionaries of the cross, its natives have no need to be carried to foreign lands, in order to enjoy its light. (29). Slave importation was abolished just a few months after this convention, in 1808. The mid to late 1800s brought the civil war, and slavery was suddenly pushed to the forefront of all national attention. New breeds of abolitionists aided the push for the abolishment of slavery. They stressed a immediate change in policy, calling for freedom and equality amongst all people. With the passing and declaration of the Emancipation Proclamation, and the ending of the civil war, slavery was abolished, and all slaves freed. The Civil Right Era brought a new realm of racial segregation to the United States. The early 1950s and 1960s were a period of great racial unrest and change. These movements were started, and fueled, by the grassroots campaigns from inside the black churches. A major turning point for desegregation came in 1954, with Brown v. Board of Education. This ruling stated that schools could no longer differentiate based on the race of a student. Another shot to segregation came in 1963, with the March on Washington, led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his famous `I have a dream... speech. In a radioShow MoreRelatedEthics in the Bible Essay996 Words   |  4 PagesEthics in the Bible a) Throughout the bible there are instances where Jesus performed healing miracles, and when he performs these miracles he is not prejudiced against anybody so he is not racist. I think that the bible teaches that racism is wrong for example in Luke 10 Jesus tells the parable of the good Samaritan, this story tells of a man who was on his way from Jerusalem to Jericho when he was attacked by robbers who left him half dead. Soon a priest came by andRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain930 Words   |  4 Pagesin his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, describes the adventure of Huck Finn as he helps an escaped slave find his freedom. Throughout the novel, Twain uses various examples of satire to criticize the racist views that were evident in white society. He condemns the common racist mindset many whites have and to make the public realize the unfairness that blacks face solely because of the color of their skin. Twain first describes his purpose by satirizing a moment when Jim uses aRead MoreA Passage Of India By E M Forster1586 Words   |  7 PagesForster’s attitudes and values at the time he wrote the book (1924). Amongst all the Englishmen who are living in Chandrapore Fielding isn’t very successful in comparison in developing relationships with the native Indians. Fielding isn’t a very racist character and doesn’t share the same views as characters like Rony. Fielding is an educator however he is less comfortable in the usual teacher- student environment; he prefers a more one on one teaching style. 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Events Leading Up To The American Revolution Essay Example For Students

Events Leading Up To The American Revolution Essay With the research that I have done, I have come up with the following informationon the events leading to the American Revolution. After the French-Indian War the British Government decided to reap greater benefits from the colonies. The colonies were pressed with greater taxes without any representation in Britain. This eventually lead to the Boston Tea Party. In retaliation the British passed what are now considered the Intolerable (or Coercive Acts) to bring the colonies to the heal of the King. The Intolerable (or Coercive Acts)*Quartering Act: Effective March 24, 1765This bill required that colonial authorities to furnish barracks and supplies to British troops. In 1766, it was expanded to public houses and unoccupied buildings. *Stamp Act: Effective March 24, 1765This bill raised revenue in the American colonies. The bill require that all legal documents, licenses, commercial contracts, newspapers, pamphlets, and playing cards to have a tax stamp on them. This act was already in place in Great Britain and just extended itself into the colonies. It was put in place to raise money to cut the costs of keeping the military troops in the colonies. It was undebated in Britain, but it brought much opposition among the colonists, who said that it was because they had no representation in Parliament, and that they couldnt be taxed withouthaving some voice in the matters. Colonial businessmen stopped importingBritish goods until Britain would repeal the act. Most of the colonistsrefused to use the stamps on business papers and courts would not usethem on official documents. Since it was opposed by the British businesscommunity the act was repealed by the British Parliament on March 4,1766, after Benjamin Franklin, Pe nnsylvanias representative in London,spoke on behalf of the American colonists. Its repeal was followed by theDeclaratory Act which gave the British Government the right to legally taxthe colonists by any acts they wanted. *Boston Port Act: Effective June 1, 1774This bill closed the port of Boston to all colonists until, the damages fromthe Boston Tea Party were paid for. The bill also moved the seat ofgovernment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony from Boston to Salem. Most of the colonists were upset and showed sorrow for the town bysetting, the day that the bill went into effect, aside as a day of fasting and ofprayer. To make sure that this act was enforced correctly British troopswere sent to Boston, along with enough boats to blockade the port. however there where towns in New England that sent grain and other typesof food to Boston. *Administration of Justice Act: Effective May 20, 1774This bill stated that British Officials could not be tried in provincial courtsfor capital crimes. They would be extradited back to Britain and triedthere. This effectively gave the British free reign to do whatever theywished, because no justice would be served while they were still in thecolonies. *Massachusetts Government Act: Effective May 20, 1774This bill effectively annulled the charter of the colonies, giving the BritishGovernor complete control of the town meetings, and taking control out ofthe hands of the colonists. *Quebec Act: Effective May 20, 1774This bill extended the Canadian borders to cut off The Western Colonies ofConnecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia. Although this was not passed asone of the Intolerable Acts it is considered to be one of them because itstopped forward progress of the colonies and took some of their land. .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e , .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e .postImageUrl , .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e , .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e:hover , .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e:visited , .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e:active { border:0!important; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e:active , .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc1041cbeff33587bf55c9a450640815e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pillars of Education EssayEvents*Sugar ; Molasses Act: Smuggling trade flourished for many decades,while the British government made few attempts to enforce the MolassesAct. In 1764, realizing they had massive losses of potential revenue, thenew prime minister of Britain, George Grenville, started a policy of strictenforcement of the customs laws, and later that year the Molasses Act wasreplaced by the Sugar Act. The provisions of this new act raised the tax onsugar and lowered the tax on molasses; added a tax to Madeira wine; andimposed a difficult bonding procedure to be applied to all shipped merchandise. The Sugar Act was generally enforced although its tax waseventual ly lowered. *Townshend Acts: This bill was passed by Parliament in 1767, affectingthe Thirteen Original Colonies The first part of the bill suspended the NewYork Assembly, penalizing it for not complying with a law, that wasenacted two years beforehand. That reprimanded the colonies to housethe British troops in the New World. The second part called the RevenueAct made customs taxes on colonial imports of glass, red, and white lead,paints, paper, and tea. A later act appointed commissioners in the coloniesto head the custom service and to make sure the taxes were collected. These acts were overwhelmingly unpopular in the colonies. Because a colonist published an article that criticized the Townshend Acts the Kingdissolved the Massachusetts legislature in 1768. *The Boston Massacre: The Boston Massacre occurred on March 5,1770, between British troops and a group of citizens from Boston.The Britishtroops were housed in the town to stop demonstrations against the Townshend Acts. Because of constant criticism by the citizens, a squad ofBritish soldiers, who were also hit by rockets thrown during a demonstration, fired shots into the crowd, killing five men. The eightsoldiers along with their commanding officer were on trial for murder. Incidentally, they were defended by John Adams, who would later become president of the U.S., and Josiah Quincy. Two of the eight soldiers werefound guilty of manslaughter, but claimed benefit of clergy, and were branded on the thumb instead. The others, including the officer, wereacquitted. The ?Massacre,? as it was called, was exploited by SamuelAdams to help gather more anti-British support. *The Boston Tea Party: On May 10, 1773, Parliament allowed the EastIndia Tea Co. to Export a half a million pounds of tea to the Americancolonies for the purpose of selling it without imposing upon the companythe usual duties and tariffs. It was their intention to try to save the corruptand mismanaged company from bankruptcy. The effect was that thecompany could undersell any other tea available in the colonies, includingsmuggled tea. The disruption to American commerce was unacceptable tomany, including Sam Adams. On November 27, 1773, three ships loadedwith tea, from the East India Tea Co., landed at Boston and were prevented from unloading their cargo. Fearing that the tea would be seizedfor failure to pay customs duties, and eventually become available for sale,Adams and the Boston Whigs arranged a solution. On the night of December 16, 1773, a group of colonists, thinly disquised as MohawkIndians, snuck aboard the ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into BostonHarbor. The sabotag e was denounced by Bostons less radical population,and applauded by those more radical. Englands response was the passingof the Intolerable Acts. ReferencesLegrand, Jacques. Cronicle of America. Chronicle Publications. Mount Kisco, N.Y., 1989. Mazour, Anatole G. World History ?People and Nations? Revised ed. Holt, Rinehart,and Winston, Inc., 1993 p. 412-416. Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 97 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. South Western. Student Handbook vol. 1 ; 2. MacMillan Publishing Co., 1989. .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 , .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 .postImageUrl , .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 , .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337:hover , .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337:visited , .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337:active { border:0!important; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337:active , .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337 .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue634a8323cb5dbbb07cd9e184a2ff337:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bob Cratchit's family EssayWestern Printing. The Golden Book Encyclopedia, Book 1. Golden Press, Inc., 1959.

Business Strategy and Environment

Question: Discuss about the Business Strategy and Environment. Answer: Introduction: It is necessary to identify the stakeholders associated with the economy of a nation in making relevant disclosures. In this case, the government, the domestic and foreign firms, the national community and the suppliers, which possess the highest priority in the nation. This is because with the increasing negative impact of global warming, it is necessary for the stakeholders to make relevant CDP disclosures in order to comply with the relevant accounting standards. Thus, the role of the stakeholders is crucial to establish the relationship between CDP and country disclosures. Economic performance of the nation: The economic performance of a nation is an impending factor to ascertain whether the environmental issues are mentioned in the priority list. For instance, the governments of the big European countries have made it mandatory for all the firms operating in the countries to include CDP disclosures in their annual reports. Disclosure of such information would help the government of nation to determine the carbon emissions and adequate steps could be taken to improve the environmental sustainability of the country. Theoretical structure: The theoretical structure associated with the voluntary disclosures comprise of different constituents of disclosures. There are different theories, which would help in identifying the country specific determinants of voluntary disclosures through CDP. The most notable frameworks for creating the base of theoretical structure include the stakeholder framework and legitimacy theory. According to this theory, the success of a nation is largely dependent on the CDP disclosures of the organisations in the nation and their relationships with the associated stakeholders. The main reason for choosing the stakeholder theory in this study is to compare between the stakeholder and social issues. The social issues are those concerns, which need to be the subject matter of regulation and legislation. The legitimacy theory, on the other hand, help in assessing the legality of the corporate disclosures of a nation. Therefore, it helps in identifying the particular events, which act as a threat to the legitimacy of a nation. Literature Review: Authors Date Title Journal Type of Paper Empirical Summary related to contribution of the research questions Eleftheriadis I. M. Anagnostopoulou E. G. 2014 Business Strategy and the Environment Relationship between corporate climate change disclosures and firm factors Journal No The researchers have acknowledged the climate change as the primary source of economic, physical and social risks to the worldwide communities. Therefore, this article aims to evaluate the association between the disclosures related to environmental information and additional organisational factors. The disclosures of the organisations, which are listed in Athens Stock Exchange and the organisational factors like leverage, size and profitability are chosen as the variables for this research. The disclosures of the corporate climate change have been chosen as the dependent variable and the above-mentioned organisational factors are selected as the independent variables. It has been found that corporate climate change disclosure is intensely related with the firm size; however, it does not possess any linkage with leverage and profitability. However, there is a scope for further investigation in future through selection of a large sample size and inclusion of additional organisational factors. Luo, L. Tang, Q. 2014 Pacific Accounting Review Carbon tax, corporate carbon profile and financial return Journal No The research paper focuses on evaluating the effects of carbon tax on the market return of the Australian organisations. In addition, the researchers have taken into account the varying impact of tax on individual organisations having diverse carbon profiles. These include several influential dynamics like cost of emission, policies pertaining to climate change and carbon disclosure. From the application of the proposed methods, it has been found that carbon tax has negative influence on the wealth of the shareholders, since it is gauged by abnormal returns. Depoers F., Jeanjean T. Jrme T. 2014 Journal of Business Ethics Voluntary Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Contrasting the Carbon Disclosure Project and Corporate Reports Journal No According to the researchers, carbon emissions lead to global warming and this has been a serious menace to the human beings. Therefore, the organisations are engaged in providing voluntary disclosures on greenhouse gas emissions through various communication modes to address this issue. The theoretical framework used for this research includes stakeholder theory, which focuses on assessing the influence of carbon management on the society. From the results obtained, the researchers have concluded that the managers of the organisations acclimatise their strategy of disclosures for fulfilling the information requirements of the associated stakeholders. This research could be enhanced by extension of the information scope examined through accumulation of country samples. Rankin M., Windsor C. Wahyuni D. 2011 Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal An investigation of voluntary corporate greenhouse gas emissions reporting in a market governance system: Australian evidence Journal Yes The article focuses on examining the relationship among reporting of greenhouse gas emissions, internal systems of an organisation, peripheral privately promulgated advices and trading of EU ETS. The theory pertaining to institutional governance systems has been chosen as the major theory to progress ahead with the research. The descriptive statistics have been used, from which it has been found that the firms disclosing both approved and non-approved have greater quality of corporate governance. Freedman M. Jaggi B. 2005 The International Journal of Accounting Global warming, commitment to the Kyoto protocol, and accounting disclosures by the largest global public firms from polluting industries Journal No The research paper aims to investigate the pollution-related disclosures and greenhouse gases on the part of the organisations in those countries, which have adopted the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. The major countries, which could not be included are USA, Australia and Switzerland. The stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory have been taken into consideration for this research to depict a convincing doctrine for disclosures of environmental pollution. It has been obtained that Kyoto Protocol has been highly effective, as the firms, which have adopted the same, are making higher pollution disclosures. However, the disclosures need to be consistent to meet the information requirements of the stakeholders. Kolk A., Levy, D. Pinkse, J. 2008 European Accounting Review Corporate Responses in an Emerging Climate Regime: The Institutionalization and Commensuration of Carbon Disclosure Journal No This article investigates the responses of the corporate organisations regarding climate change associated with the creation of reporting mechanisms for GHG. The theories pertaining to governance and institutionalisation are illustrated to gain an insight into the research topic. In this case, the country wise corporate disclosures have been made using the process of descriptive analysis. From the evaluation, it has been inferred that the carbon disclosure projects have compelled the instructional investors to urge firms to make relevant environmental disclosures relating to the activities of climate change. However, this research could be improved further with the help of trading regimes related to carbon emissions in future, which would help in examining the disclosures accurately. Luo L., Tang, Q. Lan Y.C. 2013 Accounting Research Journal Comparison of propensity for carbon disclosure between developing and developed countries Journal No The journal concentrates on investigating the variations in carbon disclosures between developed and developing nations and the function of availability of resources to describe such variations. The resource-constraint theory has been described to construct the literature of this research. From the findings, it has been inferred that the organisations in developing nations are highly ineffective in making carbon disclosures due to non-availability of financial resources. However, the firms selected in this research are large; thus, the small and medium-sized firms are ignored in this research. Iatridis, G.E. 2013 Emerging Markets Review Environmental disclosure quality: Evidence on environmental performance, corporate governance and value relevance Journal No The research paper concentrates on measuring the quality of environmental disclosure in an advanced emerging nation of Malaysia. In addition, it examines the association between the quality of disclosure, corporate governance and its influence on the perceptions of the investors. It has been found that the environmental disclosures are positively correlated with corporate governance, which add relevant values and improve the perceptions of the investors. Lee, S. Y., Park, Y. S., Klassen, R. D. 2015 Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management Market responses to firms' voluntary climate change information disclosure and carbon communication Journal No This paper concentrates on evaluating the impact of voluntary carbon disclosures of the firms on capital markets on Korea between 2008 -2009. From the results obtained, it has been found that the CDP of disclosures of the firms have negative relationship with the market. This implies that there investors do not consider the carbon disclosures as a major factor, instead, they are worried about the costs of organisations in order to address global warming. The researchers have also that the Korean firms could mitigate such market shocks through release of the news in media. Andrew, J. Cortese, C.L. 2012 Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal Carbon disclosures: comparability, the carbon disclosure project and the greenhouse gas protocol Journal No The current research has aimed to evaluate the carbon disclosures from the different Australian companies. It has been observed that the data production help in assisting the Australian companies to set their positions in the market. It has been claimed that the disclosure process could make the market sensitive to the international environment problems like climate change. It has been found that Australian firms have not been effective in making relevant financial disclosures, as the Kyoto Protocol has not been adopted. Logical argument: According to Freedman Jaggi (2005), the Kyoto Protocol has been highly effective in making relevant financial disclosures. The sample size selected for the research comprises of 120 organisations from 20 nations. The pollution disclosures are chosen as the dependent variable and the remaining as the independent variables. In order to test the variables, regression analysis has been utilised to ascertain the effects of the emissions of carbon dioxide on the pollution disclosures of the Kyoto organisations. It has been obtained that Kyoto Protocol has been highly effective, as the firms, which have adopted the same, are making higher pollution disclosures. However, the disclosures need to be consistent to meet the information requirements of the stakeholders. As cited by Luo, Tang Lan (2013), the researchers have distinguished between developing and developed countries to assess the quality of carbon disclosures. 15 developed and developing nations have been selected for this research having different legal and socio-political environments. The carbon disclosure has been taken as the dependent variable and the developing nations and financial resources are selected as the independent variables. From the findings, it has been inferred that the organisations in developing nations are highly ineffective in making carbon disclosures due to non-availability of financial resources. However, the firms selected in this research are large; thus, the small and medium-sized firms are ignored in this research. Therefore, this research could be improved further by taking into account the different firm sizes for making better inferences. Research Hypothesis: Null Hypothesis, H0: The environmental disclosures of the countries have no relationship with the CDP disclosures Alternative Hypothesis, H1: The environmental disclosures of the countries have significant relationship with the CDP disclosures References: Andrew, J. Cortese, C.L. (2012). Carbon disclosures: comparability, the carbon disclosure project and the greenhouse gas protocol.Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal,5(4), 5-18. Depoers, F., Jeanjean T. Jrme T. (2014). Voluntary Disclosure of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Contrasting the Carbon Disclosure Project and Corporate Reports. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(3), 445-461. Eleftheriadis, I. M. Anagnostopoulou E. G. (2014). Relationship between corporate climate change disclosures and firm factors. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(8), 780-789. Freedman, M. Jaggi, B. (2005). Global warming, commitment to the Kyoto protocol, and accounting disclosures by the largest global public firms from polluting industries. The International Journal of Accounting, 40(3), 215-232. Iatridis, G.E. (2013). Environmental disclosure quality: Evidence on environmental performance, corporate governance and value relevance. Emerging Markets Review,14, 55-75. Kolk A., Levy, D. Pinkse, J. (2008). Corporate Responses in an Emerging Climate Regime: The Institutionalization and Commensuration of Carbon Disclosure. European Accounting Review, 17(4), 719-745. Lee, S. Y., Park, Y. S., Klassen, R. D. (2015). Market responses to firms' voluntary climate change information disclosure and carbon communication. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,22(1), 1-12. Luo L., Tang, Q. Lan Y.C. (2013). Comparison of propensity for carbon disclosure between developing and developed countries. Accounting Research Journal, 26(1), 6-34. Luo, L., Tang, Q. (2014). Carbon tax, corporate carbon profile and financial return.Pacific Accounting Review,26(3), 351-373. Rankin M., Windsor C. Wahyuni D. (2011). An investigation of voluntary corporate greenhouse gas emissions reporting in a market governance system: Australian evidence. Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal, 24(8), 1037-1070.

Aristotles Theory on Knowledge and Action free essay sample

This is a discussion of the Aristotles theory of knowledge and action and a discussion of ethics, and the search for happiness and virtue. The author argues that Aristotle?s Nicomachean Ethics seeks to make its readers into better people, and that it does not merely discuss virtue, but also provides a blueprint for virtuous behavior. The author argues that if we apply Aristotles ideas to our own lives, that we will achieve our goals. From the paper: A good example of this would be the Nicomachean Ethics, themselves. Simply having read the Ethics is not enough; one must then continue studying (Aristotles Politics, specifically) to understand what the real world applications of this learning might be. Then, one must go out into the world to demonstrate this learning. Doing these things will make one virtuous and spread the idea of being so to others and the entire process will become more and more easy through habit. We will write a custom essay sample on Aristotles Theory on Knowledge and Action or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Johnny Mnemonic Review Essay Example

Johnny Mnemonic Review Paper Essay on Johnny Mnemonic The plot of the story many know. In a nutshell: Johnny walking flash drive, which can be downloaded in the Old, and he will deliver it by courier to whom it is necessary. Johnny was asked to translate the very important information. Here are just a mafia that Johnny asked did not know, and the information had big plans. Johnny decided to format the USB flash drive. In this case, the safety of the stick nobody cares Johnny Mnemonic an amazing story.. No wonder he was awarded a separate movies. I will say more: this short story would be enough for a few adaptations. By the way, while were here, and I started to not spread the idea of ​​the tree, I must say and that story, and the film adaptation both works worthy and each individually has a right to exist. Gibson worked on the screenplay for the film, and essentially created a second product, based on his own story, of course, with the Hollywood cliches impurities (like for example the heroic happy end, as opposed to quiet, no-frills, end of story). In addition, the film has acquired additional storyline from the seamy side a disease that causes death from exhaustion caused by information overload. The film is more logical, informative and swimming. Science fiction is more than an action movie. Same story a nonstop whirlwind Action We will write a custom essay sample on Johnny Mnemonic Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Johnny Mnemonic Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Johnny Mnemonic Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer No, Johnny -. Not a dolphin But, we are about the story ?! Gibsons story was first published in 1981 and today must seem archaic to savagery. And indeed this whole cyber pankschina already become boring: a bleak future, the dominance of information technologies, trans-national corporations, creepy Slang, geeks and freaks bodifitsiruyuschie themselves. Today we offer a stylistically ipod-future. Concise, clean, smooth and beautiful. And because all of a sudden, it becomes sickening. And from Gibson story, for me personally, it dirt Show freshest pure jet. ! Reincarnation interesting language (many thanks to translators), absorbed many novoyazovyh sayings, slang future which looks not too exotic (as, for example, Russian-Chinese slang surzhik Sorokin), as well conceptual (taking into account todays realities) is clear. Extensive mythology, social structure and sectarianism given Gibson a few bar offers instantly builds in your minds eye the whole world. General description of the world, Johnny Gibson is given in small portions, but it is so bright and interesting all that fantasy dorisovyvaet easily. Here I would point out that Gibson does not create an entirely new world, and consistently places it on the support of the reality that is known to us Talk about the visual story -. It is necessary to not apply. The author refers to the famous graphic Giovanni Piranesi and his series of works dedicated to an Italian prison, describing the upper town of the story. If a clear day disable arc lighting, gray approximation of sunlight will be filtered through the layers akrioplastika: landscape, reminiscent of prison sketches of Giovanni Piranesi. I will compare the story to Gibsons best-known work of Hieronymus Bosch triptych The Garden of Earthly Delights, namely his right infernal sash. Gibsons story despite the accentuated darkness and dullness of the environment filled with the brightest images and descriptions. So that a right wing in the poisonous acidic colors, or, in the colors and the lighting of the central part of the triptych. Generally saturation of images Gibson story is breaking all records. Such a concentration of images on the page do not meet every writer. What else do not always see it is vital these images. They are not created for the sake of themselves, style and decorations. The author does not exercises the imagination no. All of them are important and viable vivid strokes in the dim and gloomy picture by William Gibson.

Talcott Parsons free essay sample

American sociologist who served on the faculty of Harvard University from 1927 to 1973. Parsons developed a general theory for the study of society called action theory, based on the methodological principle of voluntarism and the epistemological principle of analytical realism. The theory attempted to establish a balance between two major methodological traditions, that of the utilitarian-positivist tradition on the one hand and the hermeneutic-idealistic tradition on the other. For Parsons, voluntarism established a third alternative between these two. More than a theory of society, Parsons presented a theory of social evolution and a concrete interpretation of the drives and directions of world history. Parsons analyzed the work of Emile Durkheim and Vilfredo Pareto and evaluated their contributions within the light of the paradigm of voluntaristic action. Parsons was also largely responsible for introducing and interpreting Max Webers work to American audiences. Although he was generally considered a major structuralist functionalist scholar, in an article late in life, Parsons explicitly wrote that the term functional or structural functionalist were inappropriate ways to describe the character of his theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Talcott Parsons or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1][2] For Parsons structural functionalism was the term of a particular stage in the methodological development of the social science; it was never a name for any specific school or specific direction. Functionalism itself was a universal method and again not a name for any specific school. In the same way, the concept grand theory is a derogative term, which Parsons himself never used.

Go To Hell In Italian - Va AllInferno

Go To Hell In Italian - Va AllInferno While the sentiment isnt simpatico, sometimes youre forced to proclaim it: Go to Hell! It could be in response to a perceived insult, a misdeed, or an instance of road rage on the autostrada. Whatever the reason, if you find yourself in such a situation, there are a number of nuanced ways, ranging from mild to blasphemous and ironic to literal to express your wrath in Italian. Your Own Personal Hell One thing to keep in mind when considering the insult Go to Hell! are the cultural differences between the United States  and Italy. American English speakers, for instance, should take notice that mentioning Hell is not blasphemous in Italy, where â€Å"Va allinferno! - Go to Hell!† is a milder phrase than Vaffanculo! (Mildly translated as â€Å"Up yours!†). If you want to learn more parolacce, or bad words, read this article: 8 Swear Words to Add Sass to Your Vocabulary in Italian.   TIP: The word parolaccia is formed from parola - word and the suffix -accio, which is used to talk about things that are considered bad or unfavorable. Click here to learn more suffixes like this.   As a native Italian points out with regard to similar terms, Gesà ¹! (Jesus!) is more an elderly ladys pious interjection than a blasphemous one. Cristo!, on the other hand, is not exactly blasphemous, but some people might resent the use of the word as an interjection. Hellish Vocabulary Whenever using any of these Italian expletives- whether mild or harsh- be aware that context is critical. While muttering Va a quel Paese! to your friends wont even lift an eyebrow, some of the more creative turns of phrase listed below should only be used if youre absolutely certain that those within earshot wont be offended. Here are some ways, then, to tell someone to Go to Hell! in Italian: Mild expressions: Va a quel PaeseVa’ a fare un giroVa’... Va a ranare (this is dialect)Va al diavoloVa allinfernoVa in mona (regional Venetian)Va un po...Vaffambagno Less mild expression: Vaffantasca Harsh expressions: Va a farti fottereVa a dar via l culo (regional Northern Italian and is really harsh)Vaffanculo Road Sign For Literary Fame So the next time someone provokes you, youll have a number of ways to express how upset you are. And if for some reason, someone tells you to Go to Hell! in Italian, consider it a directive for success. After all, Dante Alighieri figuratively went to Hell in order to write LInferno, the first volume of his three-part epic La Divina Commedia,  and he became famous for it.

Writing a Statistics Essay A Complete Guide

Writing a Statistics Essay A Complete Guide Writing a statistics essay is quite different from the kind of essay writing you are probably used to, as it requires a completely different set of skills and competencies to successfully complete. Students excelling at all other types of essays may find themselves confused by its requirements, and vice versa, those usually struggling with their written assignments are often praised for the clarity and curtness of expression. The primary goal of a statistics essay is to report the quantitative findings of research; beautiful turns of phrase and brilliant reasoning are far less important than the ability to present facts in a meaningful sequence and make logical conclusions based on them. If you experience problems with your statistics essay writing, you’ve come to the right place – in this guide you will find all the information necessary to write your own texts of this type without any additional help. Pre-Writing Tips Selecting a Topic The most important characteristic of a topic you should look out for is that it should be firmly grounded in facts. If the subject matter is vague and unquantifiable, then it doesn’t suit your purposes. As for other characteristics of a good topic, consider: How much you already know about the issue in question. It is best to avoid topics you know absolutely nothing about. Not only will you have to do all your research from scratch if you choose one, but it may also turn out to be impossible to find solid proof at all; How much information on the topic there is. Do a background check on the topic you are about to choose. You may want to use an online academic database like Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search, EBSCO to name a few. These databases can be really helpful in finding sources of information on specific topics and, what is no less important, they usually show how many times this or that source has been referred to in peer-reviewed papers. It is a good indication of how trustworthy this or that source is; If you are interested in the topic. Gathering statistical data isn’t the most exciting pastime. Being genuinely interested in what you are writing about can make this task much more palatable; If it is possible to alter the topic. Sometimes, even when the assignment seems to be set in stone, it may be worth asking your instructor for some alterations. More often than not, your request will be granted, as long as it is reasonable. Here are a few options you can use as examples: Is Life Possible on Mars Based on Currently Available Data; The Spread of Personal Transport in the First 10 Years after the Introduction of Ford Model T; Influence of Teaching Methods on Mindsets of Generations; Data Interpretation and Its Importance in Promoting the Growth of a Startup; Prior Exercise and Concentration of Blood Lactate. As you can see, statistics can deal with virtually any area of human knowledge; so don’t be afraid of choosing a topic that looks unusual both to you and your instructor. Writing up an Outline Writing an essay without a clear-cut plan will lead to waste of time, effort and energy. Students who write following a plan they prepared beforehand complete their work faster, don’t forget to mention crucial details and write in a more structured and organized manner, getting better grades and enjoying a good reputation with their instructors as a result. That’s why preparing an outline is a crucial step in writing any text, and it shouldn’t be omitted. Structurally, a statistics essay consists of the following parts: Introduction usually, it serves the purpose of grasping and retaining the reader’s attention, and statistics essays are no different in this respect. However, you should take into account the nature of what you write – assignments of this kind have their grounding in facts, and your introduction should contain some leading up to the important statistical and factual data you are going to discuss; Thesis statement – the statement of the problem that led you to the research in question. More about it later; Body paragraphs – they should contain a detailed analysis of the statistical data produced by research; Conclusion – it contains the summary of your work and the conclusions you’ve come to. Your essay may include these parts without individual headings, but if you want to make your paper easier to navigate you can add them. Gathering the Sources of Information: Several Resources from Our Writers Collecting your own data to write a statistics essay is usually not worth it. Data gathering is a complicated, extremely time-consuming and often thankless task, and an essay is usually too small an assignment to call for such investments of time and effort. Remember, the primary goal of statistics essay writing is to teach you how to analyze the information, not how to gather it, and it is exactly what the majority of your time should be dedicated to. This means that the majority of your information will come from other sources: peer-reviewed papers, data sets, books, reports, articles, anywhere you can find it. In addition to libraries and online databases, there are plenty of opportunities for getting reliable statistical information on the Internet. The exact places will vary depending on your discipline. For example, Pew Research Center is an excellent source of reports and statistics covering social trends both in the United States and abroad. Population Reference Bureau is a treasure trove of information on population, environment and health statistics. If you need information on more specific topics, there are plenty of resources covering narrower fields, like Uniform Crime Reporting (criminal justice), Homeland Security immigration statistics (immigration) or labor statistics by the Department of Labor. As for other sources of information that don’t have a credible organization behind them, you have to be very careful about their credibility. Always check the following: Who is the author and what are his credentials? Is he a specialist in the topic he covers? Are there any other works by the same author on this topic? Is the author biased? Are there any indications of this (emotional language, author’s background or views, discrepancies between the article’s intended and real purpose)? What is the quality of other content from the same source? If the source comes from a website, what are its goals? Are there any advertisements? In what ways does the website make money? If you want to cite a particular passage, copy/paste it into Google to check if it appears elsewhere; Does the author cite his sources? Are the sources cited real? Does he provide proof for his statements? Answering these questions will give you a good indication of whether a particular source can be trusted. Writing Tips Introduction and Thesis Statement You should start with a reason why you believe your topic to be worthy of research. For example, you may state that it is an area of established interest or, vice versa, belongs to a relatively new area of study. However, no matter how new and original the topic of your essay is, it cannot exist in isolation from the existing body of research – each essay should contain at least one reference to prior research on the subject related to its topic, and the introduction is a good place to mention it. A thesis statement is, in short, a boiled-down version of your essay’s main idea. For example, if you study the correlations between the gross national product and literacy levels (the topic), your thesis statement may be something like â€Å"According to statistics, the greater gross national product per capita, the higher the literacy rate in the country†. A thesis statement should come at the end of the introduction and meet the following requirements: Be no longer than two (better one) relatively short sentences; Be clear and unambiguous. You should be able to bring your entire idea to a single definite point. If you find it necessary to mention two or more points to explain what your essay is about, your topic is probably a bit unfocused and needs some further clarification; Be logically and smoothly connected to the preceding part of the introduction and the following body paragraph; Be relevant. After you finish your essay and proofread it, pay special attention to your thesis statement to make sure you haven’t drifted away from what you originally intended to write about. Body Paragraphs and General Style Body paragraphs serve to either prove or disprove the hypothesis you’ve mentioned in your thesis statement through facts and their analysis. A hypothesis is an assertion that isn’t initially supported by facts but gains credibility in the course of attempts to disprove it. Of course, it is more fulfilling to propose and support a hypothesis you find true after testing it, but it may be an interesting intellectual exercise to do exactly the opposite: propose a hypothesis and refute it on your own. Remember: whether the body of evidence ends up supporting or disproving your hypothesis by itself doesn’t influence your grade, only the quality of your research work does. Here are some general statistics essay writing tips you should take into account when writing your body paragraphs: The style of statistics essays is usually quite formal – there is no place to exclamation marks, ellipses, emotional language, contractions and, of course, slang and jargon. Sentences are matter-of-fact and are only concerned with transferring information in the most efficient way possible. That’s why you shouldn’t worry too much about such stylistic aspects as a tautology – on the contrary, use the same word to refer to a concept throughout your essay, it will help to make it easier to understand; When you quote something, make sure you do it accurately and don’t change the source material. Also, make it obvious that it is a quotation and not your own words, otherwise you may be accused of plagiarism; Use paragraphs as primary units of meaning. One paragraph should contain no more than a single point in support of your hypothesis plus a few pieces of supporting evidence; Connect paragraphs with transition words and phrases to ensure the logical connection between the parts of your essay; Differentiate between primary and secondary sources and don’t rely on the latter too much. Secondary sources are the those that are cited in primary ones. If you like a quotation, either quote it with a phrase ‘as cited in’, or find it the original source and read it. Never quote sources you haven’t read as if you did. Conclusion Here you summarize your research and provide a link to the broader problem you’ve mentioned in the introduction. There isn’t much to say about this part – you simply provide a short summary of your work and conclusions you’ve come to. Did your research support or refute your initial hypothesis? If your hypothesis was supported, how applicable your theory is (how much variance does it cover?)? Answer these questions, and your conclusion will be alright. Post-Writing Tips If you don’t neglect the proofreading stage, your chances of getting a good grade greatly increase – students often miss mistakes, both grammatical and stylistic, while they write and reread their essay immediately after finishing it. If there is any time until the submission date, let your essay lie for at least a few days before proofreading it; Get a few other people to read it for you – the author is always subjective towards his own work and tends to miss things; Check if the essay’s structure works as intended: all parts perform their functions, there are obvious transitions between paragraphs, each paragraph contains but a single point, etc.; Check if all your arguments are relevant for your hypothesis; Check if your arguments have any weak spots and address them; Make sure you are critical when reviewing the evidence and present all the points of view on the subject; Make sure your writing doesn’t show any signs of biased opinions. Writing a statistics essay may be quite unlike anything else you did in the course of your academic career, but with the help of this statistics essay writing guide, you will be able to acquire the necessary experience to deal with it just as easily as with any assignment you are used to.

Tiempo de espera green card de hermanos de ciudadano

Tiempo de espera green card de hermanos de ciudadano La peticià ³n de una tarjeta de residencia, conocida como green card, que realiza un ciudadano americano para su hermano o hermana es uno de los trmites migratorios que ms tarda, desde los cinco hasta los veinte aà ±os de espera. Aquà ­ le explicamos el por quà ©. Bajo la ley de Inmigracià ³n, el Congreso de los Estados Unidos limita el nà ºmero de visas que se emiten de acuerdo al estatus del peticionario (esposa, hijo/a soltero/a, padres, hermano/a, hijo/a casado/a) y a su paà ­s de origen. El tiempo de espera depende entonces de estos dos factores: origen y categorà ­a. Los tiempos de espera dependen de la nacionalidad del pedido y de la relacià ³n con el ciudadano, ya que cada paà ­s tiene una cuota là ­mite y cada categorà ­a un nà ºmero determinado de visas otorgadas anualmente. Los hermanos y hermanas de los ciudadanos pertenecen a la categorà ­a F4, la à ºltima de las categorà ­as de preferencia familiar: El nà ºmero total de visas otorgadas para esta categorà ­a en el aà ±o 2018 ascendà ­an a las 65.000 con un tiempo de espera promedio de diez aà ±os, con menos y ms aà ±os dependiendo del caso. En esta categorà ­a estn incluidos los hermanos/as biolà ³gicos, los hermanos por adopcià ³n y los hermanastros/as. Si el consulado tiene duda acerca de la relacià ³n entre el ciudadano y el beneficiario, puede solicitar una prueba de ADN. La espera Como norma, los servicios de ciudadanà ­a e inmigracià ³n de los Estados Unidos (USCIS) tramitan las peticiones de tarjetas de residencia en orden de llegada de la peticià ³n. La espera promedio es de diez aà ±os. Pero hay paà ­ses de origen cuyas visas se demoran ms que las otras: Mà ©xico, China, India y Filipinas, cuyas esperas a veces ascienden a los veinte aà ±os. Es importante aclarar que no todos los casos son iguales y no todas las visas de las personas del mismo paà ­s de origen tardan el mismo tiempo. La clave es la fecha en la que la peticià ³n fue aprobada (fecha de prioridad). Para que haya claridad, en el 2018 habà ­a 65.000 visas para otorgar pero miles de ms peticiones. Las que no clasifican en el cupo anual pasan al aà ±o siguiente, y asà ­ sucesivamente hasta que obtienen su tarjeta de residencia. De ahà ­ la espera. Vale la pena anotar que hay mucho rumor y desinformacià ³n acerca de los tiempos de espera; siempre consulte las fuentes oficiales y no se deje guiar por lo que oye de otras personas. Cada caso es diferente. Para estar al corriente de sus tiempos de espera puede consultar la pgina de USCIS con su nà ºmero de caso a la mano. Breve descripcià ³n del proceso Para aclarar dudas y ayudarle a entender el proceso sepa que para pedir una green card para su hermano/a hay que: Ser ciudadano americano y haber cumplido ya los 21 aà ±os de edadTener solvencia econà ³mica para patrocinar al familiarLlenar y enviar el formulario I-130 Estar en contacto con el Centro Nacional de VisasEntender que una solicitud aprobada no es lo mismo que una visa aprobadaSaber quà © es la fecha de prioridadRevisar cada mes el Boletà ­n de Visas del Departamento de Estado y comprobar quà © fecha se est gestionando para calcular cunto tiempo ms queda para recibir la green cardRevisar el affidavit of support  y tener claro sus requisitosPedir ayuda a un abogado si hay dudas en cà ³mo proceder Por à ºltimo: situaciones problemticas Hermano indocumentado: el problema con un hermano/a indocumentado en territorio de los Estados Unidos es que este/a no podrà ­a ajustar su estatus y podrà ­a aplicarse el castigo de los tres y de los diez aà ±os en el momento en que sale del paà ­s a presentarse a la entrevista en el consulado.Peticià ³n negada: Si la peticià ³n por una green card para su hermano/a fue negada, revise aquà ­ las posibles causas.

Emergency Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Emergency Management - Essay Example Safety training is a broad course that encompasses knowledge and use of specialized gear, self-defense techniques, environmental hazard studies, site evaluations, rescue operations and staff health and fitness curriculum. The paper delves into each of these topics explaining how each contributes to the improvement of emergency responder’s rescue capabilities and job performance. To what degree does safety training effectively improve emergency responder’s rescue capabilities and job performance? Disasters and emergencies can occur at any time and this requires the emergency responders to be prepared to handle such emergencies. In the United States, emergencies occur on a daily basis and emergency responders are required to answer the calls for help from citizens and take on jobs which have high potential risks. Emergencies can either be single or a series of incidents which cause disruptions in normal activities or threaten human life, property or assets if they are not immediately put under control, stabilized or contained. Emergency responders deal with a range of emergencies from the small scale everyday incidences that affect individuals and families to the large scale disasters which affect nations such as hurricanes, terrorist attacks and earthquakes (La Tourrette, 2003). The response to disasters over the last decade has raised questions regarding the effectiveness and capabilities of emergency responders. The response to emergencies has been found to be wanting. This has raised the need for emergency responders to be equipped with the necessary skills and knowledge through safety training for them to be effectively prepared for such emergencies. Emergency responders are usually deployed on the scene of a disaster or emergency to assist in rescue efforts. They may also be deployed to these sites to safeguard property, evacuate the victims from buildings, and provide any form of medical assistance to the victims (La Tourrette, 2003). Emergen cy responders who engage in rescue activities during such incidents include fire fighters, emergency medical personnel, and law enforcement agencies. Fire fighters are usually assigned the role of containing substances which are hazardous, putting out fires as well as the search and rescue of disaster victims. Emergency medical personnel usually assist in the rescue operations by providing medical care to injured victims. Law enforcement agencies, on the other hand, are responsible for maintaining law and order in the scene of the disaster, restriction of access to the disaster scene and the removal of injured and contaminated individuals from the scene of the disaster (Beaton, 2002). For emergency responders to perform their functions safely and effectively, safety training is expected. Safety training programs which are administered play a significant role in enhancing the response to emergencies and disasters. They can be broken down into workplace safety practices, safety practi ces in the line of duty and testing of physical wellness and fitness. The safety training helps emergency responders to understand their individual functions and responsibilities at the scene of the disaster. Accordingly, the different categories of emergency r

What's hot in Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Life Of Pi | Character Analysis

Life Of Pi | Character Analysis Piscine Molitor Patel is the protagonist and, for most of the novel, the narrator. In the chapters that frame the main story, Pi, as a shy, graying, middle-aged man, tells the author about his early childhood and the shipwreck that changed his life. This narrative device distances the reader from the truth. We dont know whether Pis story is accurate or what pieces to believe. This effect is intentional; throughout Pi emphasizes the importance of choosing the better story, believing that imagination trumps cold, hard facts. As a child, he reads widely and embraces many religions and their rich narratives that provide meaning and dimension to life. In his interviews with the Japanese investigators after his rescue, he offers first the more fanciful version of his time at sea. But, at their behest, he then provides an alternative version that is more realistic but ultimately less appealing to both himself and his questioners. The structure of the novel both illustrates Pis defining char acteristic, his dependence on and love of stories, and highlights the inherent difficulties in trusting his version of events. http://imagec10.247realmedia.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/default/empty.gif Though the narrative jumps back and forth in time, the novel traces Pis development and maturation in a traditional bildungsroman, or coming-of-age story. Pi is an eager, outgoing, and excitable child, dependent on his family for protection and guidance. In school, his primary concerns involve preventing his schoolmates from mispronouncing his name and learning as much as he can about religion and zoology. But when the ship sinks, Pi is torn from his family and left alone on a lifeboat with wild animals. The disaster serves as the catalyst in his emotional growth; he must now become self-sufficient. Though he mourns the loss of his family and fears for his life, he rises to the challenge. He finds a survival guide and emergency provisions. Questioning his own values, he decides that his vegetarianism is a luxury under the conditions and learns to fish. He capably protects himself from Richard Parker and even assumes a parental relationship with the tiger, providing him with food and keeping him in line. The devastating shipwreck turns Pi into an adult, able to fend for himself out in the world alone. Pis belief in God inspires him as a child and helps sustain him while at sea. In Pondicherry, his atheistic biology teacher challenges his Hindu faith in God, making him realize the positive power of belief, the need to overcome the otherwise bleakness of the universe. Motivated to learn more, Pi starts practicing Christianity and Islam, realizing these religions all share the same foundation: belief in a loving higher power. His burgeoning need for spiritual connection deepens while at sea. In his first days on the lifeboat, he almost gives up, unable to bear the loss of his family and unwilling to face the difficulties that still await him. At that point, however, he realizes that the fact he is still alive means that God is with him; he has been given a miracle. This thought gives him strength, and he decides to fight to remain alive. Throughout his adventure, he prays regularly, which provides him with solace, a sense of connection to something greater, and a way to pass the time . Richard Parker Pis companion throughout his ordeal at sea is Richard Parker, a 450-pound Royal Bengal tiger. Unlike many novels in which animals speak or act like humans, Richard Parker is portrayed as a real animal that acts in ways true to his species. It can be difficult to accept that a tiger and a boy could exist on a lifeboat alone, however, in the context of the novel, it seems plausible. Captured as a cub, Parker grew up in the zoo and is accustomed to a life in captivity. He is used to zookeepers training and providing for him, so he is able to respond to cues from Pi and submit to his dominance. However, he is no docile house cat. He has been tamed, but he still acts instinctually, swimming for the lifeboat in search of shelter and killing the hyena and the blind castaway for food. When the two wash up on the shore of Mexico, Richard Parker doesnt draw out his parting with Pi, he simply runs off into the jungle, never to be seen again. Though Richard Parker is quite fearsome, ironically his presence helps Pi stay alive. Alone on the lifeboat, Pi has many issues to face in addition to the tiger onboard: lack of food and water, predatory marine life, treacherous sea currents, and exposure to the elements. Overwhelmed by the circumstances and terrified of dying, Pi becomes distraught and unable to take action. However, he soon realizes that his most immediate threat is Richard Parker. His other problems now temporarily forgotten, Pi manages, through several training exercises, to dominate Parker. This success gives him confidence, making his other obstacles seem less insurmountable. Renewed, Pi is able to take concrete steps toward ensuring his continued existence: searching for food and keeping himself motivated. Caring and providing for Richard Parker keeps Pi busy and passes the time. Without Richard Parker to challenge and distract him, Pi might have given up on life. After he washes up on land in Mexico, he thank s the tiger for keeping him alive. Richard Parker symbolizes Pis most animalistic instincts. Out on the lifeboat, Pi must perform many actions to stay alive that he would have found unimaginable in his normal life. An avowed vegetarian, he must kill fish and eat their flesh. As time progresses, he becomes more brutish about it, tearing apart birds and greedily stuffing them in his mouth, the way Richard Parker does. After Richard Parker mauls the blind Frenchman, Pi uses the mans flesh for bait and even eats some of it, becoming cannibalistic in his unrelenting hunger. In his second story to the Japanese investigators, Pi is Richard Parker. He kills his mothers murderer. Parker is the version of himself that Pi has invented to make his story more palatable, both to himself and to his audience. The brutality of his mothers death and his own shocking act of revenge are too much for Pi to deal with, and he finds it easier to imagine a tiger as the killer, rather than himself in that role. Character List Piscine Molitor Patel (Pi) The protagonist of the story. Piscine is the narrator for most of the novel, and his account of his seven months at sea forms the bulk of the story. He gets his unusual name from the French word for pool-and, more specifically, from a pool in Paris in which a close family friend, Francis Adirubasamy, loved to swim. A student of zoology and religion, Pi is deeply intrigued by the habits and characteristics of animals and people. http://imagec10.247realmedia.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/default/empty.gif Richard Parker The Royal Bengal tiger with whom Pi shares his lifeboat. His captor, Richard Parker, named him Thirsty, but a shipping clerk made a mistake and reversed their names. From then on, at the Pondicherry Zoo, he was known as Richard Parker. Weighing 450 pounds and about nine feet long, he kills the hyena on the lifeboat and the blind cannibal. With Pi, however, Richard Parker acts as an omega, or submissive, animal, respecting Pis dominance. Read an in-depth analysis of Richard Parker. The Author The narrator of the (fictitious) Authors Note, who inserts himself into the narrative at several points throughout the text. Though the author who pens the Authors Note never identifies himself by name, there are many clues that indicate it is Yann Martel himself, thinly disguised: he lives in Canada, has published two books, and was inspired to write Pis life story during a trip to India. Francis Adirubasamy The elderly man who tells the author Pis story during a chance meeting in a Pondicherry coffee shop. He taught Pi to swim as a child and bestowed upon him his unusual moniker. He arranges for the author to meet Pi in person, so as to get a first-person account of his strange and compelling tale. Pi calls him Mamaji, an Indian term that means respected uncle. Ravi Pis older brother. Ravi prefers sports to schoolwork and is quite popular. He teases his younger brother mercilessly over his devotion to three religions. Santosh Patel Pis father. He once owned a Madras hotel, but because of his deep interest in animals decided to run the Pondicherry Zoo. A worrier by nature, he teaches his sons not only to care for and control wild animals, but to fear them. Though raised a Hindu, he is not religious and is puzzled by Pis adoption of numerous religions. The difficult conditions in India lead him to move his family to Canada. http://imagec10.247realmedia.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/default/empty.gif Gita Patel Pis beloved mother and protector. A book lover, she encourages Pi to read widely. Raised Hindu with a Baptist education, she does not subscribe to any religion and questions Pis religious declarations. She speaks her mind, letting her husband know when she disagrees with his parenting techniques. When Pi relates another version of his story to his rescuers, she takes the place of Orange Juice on the lifeboat. Satish Kumar Pis atheistic biology teacher at Petit Sà ©minaire, a secondary school in Pondicherry. A polio survivor, he is an odd-looking man, with a body shaped like a triangle. His devotion to the power of scientific inquiry and explanation inspires Pi to study zoology in college. Father Martin The Catholic priest who introduces Pi to Christianity after Pi wanders into his church. He preaches a message of love. He, the Muslim Mr. Kumar, and the Hindu pandit disagree about whose religion Pi should practice. Satish Kumar A plain-featured Muslim mystic with the same name as Pis biology teacher. He works in a bakery. Like the other Mr. Kumar, this one has a strong effect on Pis academic plans: his faith leads Pi to study religion at college. The Hindu Pandit One of three important religious figures in the novel. Never given a name, he is outraged when Pi, who was raised Hindu, begins practicing other religions. He and the other two religious leaders are quieted somewhat by Pis declaration that he just wants to love God. Meena Patel Pis wife, whom the author meets briefly in Toronto. Nikhil Patel (Nick) Pis son. He plays baseball. Usha Patel Pis young daughter. She is shy but very close to her father. The Hyena An ugly, intensely violent animal. He controls the lifeboat before Richard Parker emerges. The Zebra A beautiful male Grants zebra. He breaks his leg jumping into the lifeboat. The hyena torments him and eats him alive. Orange Juice The maternal orangutan that floats to the lifeboat on a raft of bananas. She suffers almost humanlike bouts of loneliness and seasickness. When the hyena attacks her, she fights back valiantly but is nonetheless killed and decapitated. The Blind Frenchman A fellow castaway whom Pi meets by chance in the middle of the ocean. Driven by hunger and desperation, he tries to kill and cannibalize Pi, but Richard Parker kills him first. Tomohiro Okamoto An official from the Maritime Department of the Japanese Ministry of Transport, who is investigating the sinking of the Japanese Tsimtsum. Along with his assistant, Atsuro Chiba, Okamoto interviews Pi for three hours and is highly skeptical of his first account. Atsuro Chiba Okamotos assistant. Chiba is the more naÃÆ' ¯ve and trusting of the two Japanese officials, and his inexperience at conducting interviews gets on his superiors nerves. Chiba agrees with Pi that the version of his ordeal with animals is the better than the one with people. The Cook The human counterpart to the hyena in Pis second story. He is rude and violent and hoards food on the lifeboat. After he kills the sailor and Pis mother, Pi stabs him and he dies. The Sailor The human counterpart to the zebra in Pis second story. He is young, beautiful, and exotic. He speaks only Chinese and is very sad and lonely in the lifeboat. He broke his leg jumping off the ship, and it becomes infected. The cook cuts off the leg, and the sailor dies slowly. Themes Themes, Motifs Symbols Themes The Will to Live Life of Pi is a story about struggling to survive through seemingly insurmountable odds. The shipwrecked inhabitants of the little lifeboat dont simply acquiesce to their fate: they actively fight against it. Pi abandons his lifelong vegetarianism and eats fish to sustain himself. Orange Juice, the peaceful orangutan, fights ferociously against the hyena. Even the severely wounded zebra battles to stay alive; his slow, painful struggle vividly illustrates the sheer strength of his life force. As Martel makes clear in his novel, living creatures will often do extraordinary, unexpected, and sometimes heroic things to survive. However, they will also do shameful and barbaric things if pressed. The hyenas treachery and the blind Frenchmans turn toward cannibalism show just how far creatures will go when faced with the possibility of extinction. At the end of the novel, when Pi raises the possibility that the fierce tiger, Richard Parker, is actually an aspect of his own personality, and that Pi himself is responsible for some of the horrific events he has narrated, the reader is forced to decide just what kinds of actions are acceptable in a life-or-death situation. The Importance of Storytelling http://imagec10.247realmedia.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/default/empty.gif Life of Pi is a story within a story within a story. The novel is framed by a (fictional) note from the author, Yann Martel, who describes how he first came to hear the fantastic tale of Piscine Molitor Patel. Within the framework of Martels narration is Pis fantastical first-person account of life on the open sea, which forms the bulk of the book. At the end of the novel, a transcript taken from an interrogation of Pi reveals the possible true story within that story: that there were no animals at all, and that Pi had spent those 227 days with other human survivors who all eventually perished, leaving only himself. Pi, however, is not a liar: to him, the various versions of his story each contain a different kind of truth. One version may be factually true, but the other has an emotional or thematic truth that the other cannot approach. Throughout the novel, Pi expresses disdain for rationalists who only put their faith in dry, yeastless factuality, when stories-which can amaze and inspire listeners, and are bound to linger longer in the imagination-are, to him, infinitely superior. Storytelling is also a means of survival. The true events of Pis sea voyage are too horrible to contemplate directly: any young boy would go insane if faced with the kinds of acts Pi (indirectly) tells his integrators he has witnessed. By recasting his account as an incredible tale about humanlike animals, Pi doesnt have to face the true cruelty human beings are actually capable of. Similarly, by creating the character of Richard Parker, Pi can disavow the ferocious, violent side of his personality that allowed him to survive on the ocean. Even this is not, technically, a lie in Pis eyes. He believes that the tiger-like aspect of his nature and the civilized, human aspect stand in tense opposition and occasional partnership with one another, just as the boy Pi and the tiger Richard Parker are both enemies and allies. The Nature of Religious Belief Life of Pi begins with an old man in Pondicherry who tells the narrator, I have a story that will make you believe in God. Storytelling and religious belief are two closely linked ideas in the novel. On a literal level, each of Pis three religions, Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam, come with its own set of tales and fables, which are used to spread the teachings and illustrate the beliefs of the faith. Pi enjoys the wealth of stories, but he also senses that, as Father Martin assured him was true of Christianity, each of these stories might simply be aspects of a greater, universal story about love. Stories and religious beliefs are also linked in Life of Pi because Pi asserts that both require faith on the part of the listener or devotee. Surprisingly for such a religious boy, Pi admires atheists. To him, the important thing is to believe in something, and Pi can appreciate an atheists ability to believe in the absence of God with no concrete proof of that absence. Pi has nothing but disdain, however, for agnostics, who claim that it is impossible to know either way, and who therefore refrain from making a definitive statement on the question of God. Pi sees this as evidence of a shameful lack of imagination. To him, agnostics who cannot make a leap of faith in either direction are like listeners who cannot appreciate the non-literal truth a fictional story might provide. Motifs Territorial Dominance http://imagec10.247realmedia.com/RealMedia/ads/Creatives/default/empty.gif Though Martels text deals with the seemingly boundless nature of the sea, it also studies the strictness of boundaries, borders, and demarcations. The careful way in which Pi marks off his territory and differentiates it from Richard Parkers is necessary for Pis survival. Animals are territorial creatures, as Pi notes: a family dog, for example, will guard its bed from intruders as if it were a lair. Tigers, as we learn from Richard Parker, are similarly territorial. They mark their space and define its boundaries carefully, establishing absolute dominance over every square inch of their area. To master Richard Parker, Pi must establish his control over certain zones in the lifeboat. He pours his urine over the tarp to designate a portion of the lifeboat as his territory, and he uses his whistle to ensure that Richard Parker stays within his designated space. The small size of the lifeboat and the relatively large size of its inhabitants make for a crowded vessel. In such a confined space, the demarcation of territory ensures a relatively peaceful relationship between man and beast. If Richard Parker is seen as an aspect of Pis own personality, the notion that a distinct boundary can be erected between the two represents Pis need to disavow the violent, animalistic side of his nature. Hunger and Thirst Unsurprisingly in a novel about a shipwrecked castaway, the characters in Life of Pi are continually fixated on food and water. Ironically, the lifeboat is surrounded by food and water; however, the salty water is undrinkable and the food is difficult to catch. Pi constantly struggles to land a fish or pull a turtle up over the side of the craft, just as he must steadily and consistently collect fresh drinking water using the solar stills. The repeated struggles against hunger and thirst illustrate the sharp difference between Pis former life and his current one on the boat. In urban towns such as Pondicherry, people are fed like animals in a zoo-they never have to expend much effort to obtain their sustenance. But on the open ocean, it is up to Pi to fend for himself. His transition from modern civilization to the more primitive existence on the open sea is marked by his attitudes toward fish: initially Pi, a vegetarian, is reluctant to kill and eat an animal. Only once the fish is lifeless, looking as it might in a market, does Pi feel better. As time goes on, Pis increasing comfort with eating meat signals his embrace of his new life. Ritual Throughout the novel, characters achieve comfort through the practice of rituals. Animals are creatures of habit, as Pi establishes early on when he notes that zookeepers can tell if something is wrong with their animals just by noticing changes in their daily routines. People, too, become wedded to their routines, even to the point of predictability, and grow troubled during times of change. While religious traditions are a prime example of ritual in this novel, there are numerous others. For instance, Pis mother wants to buy cigarettes before traveling to Canada, for fear that she wont be able to find her particular brand in Winnipeg. And Pi is able to survive his oceanic ordeal largely because he creates a series of daily rituals to sustain him. Without rituals, routines, and habits, the novel implies, people feel uneasy and unmoored. Rituals give structure to abstract ideas and emotions-in other words, ritual is an alternate form of storytelling. Symbols Pi Piscine Molitor Patels preferred moniker is more than just a shortened version of his given name. Indeed, the word Pi carries a host of relevant associations. It is a letter in the Greek alphabet that also contains alpha and omega, terms used in the book to denote dominant and submissive creatures. Pi is also an irrational mathematical number, used to calculate distance in a circle. Often shortened to 3.14, pi has so many decimal places that the human mind cant accurately comprehend it, just as, the book argues, some realities are too difficult or troubling to face. These associations establish the character Pi as more than just a realistic protagonist; he also is an allegorical figure with multiple layers of meaning. The Color Orange In Life of Pi, the color orange symbolizes hope and survival. Just before the scene in which the Tsimtsum sinks, the narrator describes visiting the adult Pi at his home in Canada and meeting his family. Pis daughter, Usha, carries an orange cat. This moment assures the reader that the end of the story, if not happy, will not be a complete tragedy, since Pi is guaranteed to survive the catastrophe and father children of his own. The little orange cat recalls the big orange cat, Richard Parker, who helps Pi survive during his 227 days at sea. As the Tsimtsum sinks, Chinese crewmen give Pi a lifejacket with an orange whistle; on the boat, he finds an orange lifebuoy. The whistle, buoy, and tiger all help Pi survive, just as Orange Juice the orangutan provides a measure of emotional support that helps the boy maintain hope in the face of horrific tragedy. Quotes Important Quotations Explained 1. I know zoos are no longer in peoples good graces. Religion faces the same problem. Certain illusions about freedom plague them both. Explanation for Quotation 1 >> These words are spoken by Pi early in Part One, at the end of chapter 4, after a long discussion of zoo enclosures. Mr. Patel, Pi has recently told us, runs the Pondicherry Zoo, a place that Pi considered paradise as a boy. Pi has heard many people say negative things about zoos-namely that they deprive noble, wild creatures of their freedom and trap them in boring, domesticated lives-but he disagrees. Wild animals in their natural habitat encounter fear, fighting, lack of food, and parasites on a regular basis. Given all these biological facts, animals in the wild are not free at all-rather, they are subject to a stringent set of social and natural laws that they must follow or die. Since animals are creatures of habit, zoo enclosures, with abundant food and water, clean cages, and a constant routine, are heaven for them. Given the chance, Pi says, most zoo animals do not ever try to escape, unless something in their cage frightens them. We have already learned that Pi studied zoology and religion at the University of Toronto, and the above quote demonstrates just how closely aligned the two subjects are in his mind. He is quick to turn a discussion of animal freedom into a metaphor for peoples religious inclinations. Just as people misunderstand the nature of animals in the wild, they also misunderstand what it means for a person to be free of any religious system of belief. The agnostic (someone who is uncertain about the existence of god and does not subscribe to any faith) may think he is at liberty to believe or disbelieve anything he wants, but in reality he does not allow himself to take imaginative leaps. Instead, he endures lifes ups and downs the way an animal in the wild does: because he has to. A person of faith, on the other hand, is like an animal in an enclosure, surrounded on all sides by a version of reality that is far kinder than reality itself. Pi embraces religious doctrine for the same reason he embraces the safety and security of a zoo enclosure: it makes life easier and more pleasurable. Close 2. I can well imagine an atheists last words: White, white! L-L-Love! My God!-and the deathbed leap of faith. Whereas the agnostic, if he stays true to his reasonable self, if he stays beholden to dry, yeastless factuality, might try to explain the warm light bathing him by saying, Possibly a f-f-failing oxygenation of the b-b-brain, and, to the very end, lack imagination and miss the better story. Explanation for Quotation 2 >> Spoken by Pi, this quotation-chapter 22 in its entirety-emphasizes the important distinction between facts and imagination, the crux of the entire novel. Previously, in chapter 21, the author used the phrases dry, yeastless factuality and the better story after a meeting with Pi in a cafà ©; the repetition highlights this dichotomy. Religion is aligned with imagination, while lack of faith is linked to accurate observation and rationalism. In short, Pi is giving us a simple, straightforward explanation for the variants of his own story: the one with animals and the one without. The quote condemns those who lack artistry and imagination, the inability to commit to a story. Pi himself is a consummate artist, a storyteller, and he believes all religions tell wonderful tales, though not literal truths. Pi believes that atheists (who do not believe in God) have the capacity to believe; they choose to believe that God doesnt exist. At the end of their lives, they could embrace the notion of God and devise a story that will help them die in peace and contentment. Pi despises agnostics for their decision to make uncertainty a way of life. They choose to live a life of doubt, without any sort of narrative to guide them. Without these stories, our existence is dry and unpalatable as unrisen or yeastless bread. Close 3. [W]ithout Richard Parker, I wouldnt be alive today to tell you my story. Explanation for Quotation 3 >> This line is spoken by Pi approximately halfway through the book, in chapter 57. The you in this sentence is the author, to whom Pi relates his story over the course of many meetings in Canada many years after the ordeal. Of course, the you is also the reader, for Pi is aware that he is telling his story to a writer who has the intent to publish. By this point, we know that Richard Parker is a Royal Bengal tiger, an adult male, who weighs 450 pounds and takes up about one-third of the lifeboat. At first, it might sound ludicrous that such a menacing creature should get credit for keeping alive a slender, adolescent Indian boy, but Pi explains himself compellingly. The presence of Richard Parker, though initially terrifying, eventually soothes him and saves him from utter existential loneliness. Moreover, the necessity of training and taking care of Richard Parker fills up Pis long, empty days-staying busy helps time pass. The quotation can also be considered in the context of Pis second story, the one without animals, in which Pi himself is the tiger. Pi has chosen a tiger to represent himself because of its conflicting qualities: nobility and violence, grace and brute force, intelligence and instinct. In a way, these qualities are very human. But on a day-to-day basis-for example, as we go to school, drive to the supermarket, and watch TV at night-the elements of violence, brutality, and instinct are blunted. Instead of catching and killing fish, we purchase plastic-wrapped filets; rather than hunt animals for meat, we buy steaks at the deli counter. Stripped of these conveniences, Pi must return to nature and reassert his animal instincts. He must overcome his squeamishness in order to eat. He must embrace aggression in order to kill the cook who might otherwise have killed him. In crediting Richard Parkers existence for his own survival, Pi acknowledges that it is animal instinct, not polite conven tion or modern convenience, that protects him from death. Close 4. Life on a lifeboat isnt much of a life. It is like an end game in chess, a game with few pieces. The elements couldnt be more simple, nor the stakes higher. Explanation for Quotation 4 >> This comment appears about halfway through Part Two, as Pi adjusts to life at sea and philosophizes on the nature of being a castaway. In an endgame in chess, most of the game has been played out and the majority of the chess pieces knocked off the board. Similarly, after the sinking of the Tsimtsum, only a handful of survivors (Pi, Richard Parker, Orange Juice, the Grants zebra, the hyena) remain. The few that are left are forced into a strategic battle of wits to see who will ultimately prevail. The tensions between the lifeboats inhabitants immediately after the ship sinks are high; each inhabitant knows that the game is sudden death and that each move must be considered with special care. The zebra, the orangutan, and the hyena all make missteps and lose. But Pi painstakingly charts out his plan of action, and his diligence and foresight save his life. Life on a lifeboat is simple, but, stripped of all else, the stakes become considerable: life or death. Pis life in the middle of the Pacific has no luxuries, no complex processes to participate in, and no obscure signals to follow. Faced with numerous physical dangers-Richard Parker, sharks, starvation, the blind castaway-his only real choice is whether to fight to live or to give up and die. Though he considers doing otherwise, Pi chooses to fight. The distilled quality of Pis existence is similar to the kind of bare-bones life lived by many religious mystics, for whom stripping down to the essentials is necessary for communion with God. A full, varied life with many distractions can cloud faith or even make it unnecessary. However, within a spare and even monastic existence, Gods presence becomes palpable. To put it another way, within the confines of a lifeboat, spirituality looms as large as a nearly 10-foot, 450-pound Bengal tiger. Close 5. The lower you are, the higher your mind will want to soar. Explanation for Quotation 5 >> Pi narrates these words in chapter 93, toward the end of his ordeal at sea and as he is reaching the depths of his despair. As Pi mentions just before this, his situation seems as pointless as the weather. Up to now, Pis tedious life at sea has been alleviated somewhat with sporadic new activities: killing fish, taming Richard Parker, creating drinkable water using the solar stills, and so on. More notably, the blind French castaway and the days spent on the floating island gave Pi a change in routine. But now the novelty has worn off. This section, in which nothing is expected to happen, drives Pi into utter hopelessness, yet he must continue living. At this point Pi turns to God and, Martel implies, invents the story that we have just read. His mind is desperate to escape the physical reality of continued existence on the lifeboat, and so it soars into the realm of fiction. At his lowest point, Pi reaches for the only remaining sources of salvation available to him: faith and imagination. Through the plots remaining action, Martel emphasizes that such a strategy for self-preservation can actually be astonishingly effective. Immediately after this moment in the text, Pi lan