Public policy making Essay Example for Free

Public policy making Essay This section sets the context for testing the hypotheses. Historically, church-state relationships have been a recurring and significant source of political controversy in European states. The outcomes of these controversies may be viewed in terms of the following taxonomy: the Erastian model, in which the state has assumed responsibility for the direction of the church; the liberal model, in which the state is secular and neutral in its relationships with the church(es) found in its society; the theocratic model, in which the church has achieved supremacy in religious and secular affairs; the spheres model, in which the church prevails in some spheres and the state in other spheres of society; and the anti-church model, in which the state stands in opposition to the church and seeks to curtail or eliminate religion. The Erastian model. On this model, the state seeks to organize the church as a department of the state. This model is commonly associated with the Protestant German states of the Reformation. The Erastian model confronts the problem of internal religious change, perhaps expressed in controversies over liturgy or doctrinal controversies. From the regulatory perspective, two broad responses to internal change may be taken by the Erastian state. First, the state may simply tolerate a good deal of doctrinal variation within the church viewed as a common religious house. Second, the state may seek to play the role of arbiter or imprimatur in determining the correctness of certain positions in theological disputes. Both positions run the risk of reduced credibility for both the church and the state. The liberal model. The liberal model argues for neutrality of the state in the affairs of churches. It conceives the state as one in which there is no privileged relationship between the state and any particular church. Although the liberal model has its origins in European thought, it may be argued that it has rarely been found in European countries. Few European regimes have adopted neutrality as the basis for church-state regulation. The United States is often judged to be a better example than European nations of the application of the liberal tradition to church-state relations. [14] The United States also is a nation with one of the highest rates of church attendance on either side of the North Atlantic. Does the fact that the American state constructs church-state relations as a wall of separation contribute to the apparently greater American public willingness to attend church and to attach importance to religion? Roger Finke has argued that the deregulation of churches in the United States has promoted religious individualism; that is, for an American church to survive it must attract communicants in the open market by responding to the individuals understanding of religion as one of personal conversion. [15] The theocratic model. Here the church assumes or is given a sphere of influence that embraces both religious and secular spheres. As with the state in the Erastian model, the church is supreme and so the question of the states defining boundaries does not arise. The churchs autonomy in determining public policy is not confined to its membership but embraces the broader community in which the church is located. This model may exist in regions within a state but certainly is not characteristic of nations in Europe today. The best example of a European theocracy in the last century was the Papal states in what is now modern Italy. The spheres model. This model can best be described by saying what it is not. It is not the liberal tradition or the Erastian or the theocratic. Rather, it may be described as the situation in which the society is understood as made up of competing or perhaps complementary spheres. Conflicts between the Holy Roman Emperors and religious hierarchies often reflected this battle over spheres of autonomy. Variations of this model are found in a remarkably wide range of European nations today. These range from nations that profess to be of a certain church, to others that are critical of a specific church. Samuel Krislov argues that the determination of boundaries between church and state is enormously difficult in any system that seeks to recognize separate spheres of responsibility between a church and a state. [16] It is probably useful to conceptualize the spheres model as a continuum. At one end are the Roman Catholic Churches in Ireland and in todays Poland, where the sphere of church influence is quite large and embraces many areas of public policy making. At the other end of the continuum are Scandinavian churches which have narrowly-defined spheres of influence in public policy making. The anti-church model. This final model is one in which the state is deeply critical if not in outright opposition to the church. The former regimes of Eastern Europe reflected an oppositional tradition as historically did the nineteenth and early twentieth century regimes in Mexico and in France which often sought to disestablish or to curtail church life severely. Examples of opposition include expulsion of religious orders, seizure of church resources, and prohibition of many church-sponsored activities.

International Marketing Objectives of honey manufacturer

International Marketing Objectives of honey manufacturer Australian by Nature plans to enter the US market with its 100% pure honey by targeting the business to business market. This will be done by supplying honey to an existing and reputed honey packer through whom the product will enter the US market. This will lead to a reduction in the marketing costs at the initial stages and also minimise the risk of entering the new market. All this will help Australian By Nature to increase its demand in the market and thereby increase its production capacity. In short term the company plans to attain high brand awareness and brand knowledge. After working with existing honey packers for about 24 months, the companys brand will be well established and based upon that it can start packing the product itself and also start spending money on marketing the product. International Marketing Strategy Drivers for Australian by Natures Decision to enter United States According to Stonehouse et al. There are four main forces of internationalisation which are categorised as market, government, cost or competitive drivers. But these drivers may vary from industry to industry as well as market to market. The main drivers for Australian by Natures decision to internationalise relate to the market, government and cost drivers. As seen from the analysis in Part A above the drivers from markets basically include customer needs, marketing channels and other main countries exporting to US. But based on the above geographic analysis particularly the topography aspects which show that the bees have contracted diseases in USA will lead to a good and in future increased demand of Australian by Nature honey which is 100% pure and will be a huge success in the USA market. The United States and Australia have extended investment relations by forming the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA). This agreement will lead to little hassles for Australian by Nature to start exporting honey to US. Going further the company will also face competition from other countries exporting honey in US, but due to its good reputation and being an Australian brand it is always at an advantage compared to its competitors. Large Companies which have high fixed costs are more likely to go global, so that these high costs can be offset by increased sales volume as result of going global; this is because higher sales volume leads to reduction in high fixed costs in turn resulting in economies of scale. This is also a driving factor for Australian by Nature because it will benefit from higher sales by internationalising. From all the drivers we can conclude that United States will be a good country for Australia by Nature to enter and become successful in long term. Foreign Market Entry Strategy As per the environmental and internal analysis done in part A we have selected United States of America as our target country. Not only it is an attractive market for all the aspects of our decision making process, but also bring in different varieties of the product in a market flooded with brands from so many countries with China being one of the main competitor. There are many methods of entry such as exporting, direct sales, franchising, internet, licensing, joint ventures and foreign direct investments. We will launch Australian by Nature honey in US through an Export Distributor. An export distributor is on who will buy the goods from the Australian producer that is Australian by Nature and will resell the product in the US at a profit. In other words the export distributor will be the sole distributor of the product in the country and will supply the goods purchased from Australian by Nature to all the retailers, supermarkets, convenience stores etc. The distributor will be handling all the customer complaints about the product in the foreign country which US in our report. The export distributor will trade under its own name and at the same time maintain an on- going relation with the exporter. Also the distributor will have sale rights in United States. The main reason for selecting direct distribution channel for entering the US market is that it will save a lot of marketing costs for the company in initial stages of the product because the export distributor will be committed to provide all the product support in the foreign country. Another advantage of this type of distribution is that the already well established distributor has existing relationships with all the supermarkets, retailers and convenience stores and based on this the company can rely on the know-how and familiarity of the market conditions to attain the best retail position. In addition to that creating a distribution network in new foreign country is a time consuming process, as well as a costly process especially where it is concerned with launching new products in the foreign markets. Possible Foreign country exit strategy As this is our first move to start operations in international market, we are prepared for a less than enthusiastic market. In case this happens we are going to do more deep market research as to the possible causes of the product failure that may be due to our marketing approach, may be the pricing, the distribution channels etc. If after further approach there is no improvement in the sales of the product in US, we are simply going to downmarket our product. Down marketing the product involves repositioning the product from high end category to a middle one, may be reducing the price of the honey. As a result of repositioning the product will cater to the middle income group also and because of which marketing costs also will be reduced because this type of consumer group doesnt demands expensive advertisements to make them believe that our product is unique from others. But there may be a further possibility that even after the repositioning the product may not be selling well; in that case we shall put off our operations completely from US by simply ending our contract with the export distributor who was the sole distributor of the product in the United States. International Marketing Program 1. Marketing Mix We will now analyse Australian by Natures marketing mix based on the following seven Ps: Product and Service, Place, Promotion, Price, People, Process and Physical Environment. 1. (A) People Providing a good quality product is important when the company is entering the foreign market. The consumers will judge the companys reputation based on the quality of the product. The exceptional expertise, knowledge and skills of the people working in the production of the Australian by Natures will be of significant importance for the success of the product in the foreign market. At the same people involved with the export of honey products will be also very important for the success of the product. The personnel working for the production of the Australian by Nature products are a source of competitive advantage. Australian by Nature must ensure that sufficient personnel have been allocated for the increased production as a result of its exports to United States. Furthermore they should be provided with up to date training so as to handle the increased production or if possible might be new machinery for production. As the more personnel will be required to cater the demands for exports, the company should invest in training them how to effectively handle the exports demands. 1. (B) Promotion As this is the first time that the company will be selling its honey products outside Australia and its initiation of entry in a broader United States market, the promotional activities are very important. This can be done by first building the awareness about the product in the market which can be done through trials and then purchases. Moreover it is also important to establish the brand personality of our product in the new market.

The Allegory of the Cave: Turn Around :: essays research papers

The Allegory of the Cave: Turn Around   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Putting the Allegory of the Cave into my own words seems comparable to the Christian idea of using the lord's name in vain. First, I'd like to introduce a phenomenon I have observed throughout my life time. I call it soul resonance. Bear with me here. When two objects emit sympathetic vibrations, the sound or force multiplies. Example: Two tuning forks of the same frequency are struck upon each other and held a few feet apart. The vibration is much stronger. Something basic about each object recognizes a similar quality in the other, and amplifies it. As with so many other laws of science, this law applies to many other phenomena. I believe this is what people feel when they first hear the Allegory of the Cave . . . soul resonance. Somehow, something deep inside tells them that here we have found a singular truth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Allegory, taken as the story of one man, narrates his life from ignorance to enlightenment. He sits within a cave, facing away from a blazing fire. He stares at the wall opposite him, watching pretty shadow puppets. He listens to the exotic, wonderful, and large words whispered in his ears by the puppeteers. He would naturally turn around, or perhaps even stand, but chains bind him to the ground, and the puppeteers have servants who hold his head in place. One day, a situation arises where he finds that the chains are broken, and he stands. This is against the will of the servants, but they have no physical power over him, if he does not allow it. He turns round and sees the fire and the puppeteers and then he realizes that all has been lies. He is not what they have told him. He does not feel what they have said he does. The fire blinds him. The puppeteers, seeing they have lost another to knowledge, quickly get rid of him by pushing him into the dark cave that looms off to the side, hoping for his demise. The man is lost, he has gone from darkness to light to darkness once again. Something within him tells him to climb, and he does, scrabbling. He cuts himself many times, and many times he almost falls to his demise on the rocky ground below. He pauses often. Until there comes a time when he sees a distant light at the exit/entrance to the cave. When he sees this light, he is not sure whether this is yet another shadow puppet on the wall, but it is upward and that is where he must go.

The Young Offenders Act, A Continuing Debate :: essays research papers fc

The Young Offenders Act A Continuing Debate There is no question in society as to whether or not young people are committing crime. In fact, since "1986 to 1998 violent crime committed by youth jumped approximately 120%." The Young Offenders Act is a heated debate in today’s society, and one of the most controversial Acts in Canadian history since it was introduced in 1984. Some people think a complete overhaul is needed, others think minor changes would suffice, still others feel it is best left alone. Youth crime is a tough issue, with many differing opinions. Punishment and rehabilitation, one, the other, or both, all topics of debate within society. If you were to discuss the issues with the parents of a victim, it would be understandable that their opinions would differ greatly than those of the parents of the offender. Many people have formed an opinion without an in depth look at the act. Others simply do not care. The question that needs to be answered is, does the Young Offenders Act in Canada properl y address the victims' rights, the rights and needs of the young offender, and does it protect public safety? That question is hard to answer, as some people think that the Act is a more decent and humane way to approach young persons in trouble with the law. On the other hand others feel it offers too much protection to those whom least deserve it -- the young offenders, and very little to those who deserve it -- the victims. I think the Young Offenders Act should concentrate on making young offenders aware that they will be held responsible and accountable for their behaviour. To begin, it must be understood that the Young Offenders Act is a replacement piece of legislature for the outdated Juvenile Delinquents Act. The Juvenile Delinquents act was enacted in 1908, and was replaced by the Young offenders Act on April 2, 1984. The Juvenile Delinquents Act was a part of legislature that focused mainly on parental and social welfare of the child. It dealt with children as young as seven years of age regarding not only criminal behaviour but also sexual immortality. The Juvenile Delinquents Act allowed for many different courses of action for any child that was found to have delinquent behaviour. Placements in an industrial school for an indefinite period of time, committed to the children’s aid society, or placed in a foster home were all available options under the Juvenile Delinquents Act.

Becker Muscular Dystrophy Medical Genetics Health And Social Care Essay

Muscular dystrophy is a familial upset that bit by bit weakens the organic structure ‘s musculuss. It is caused by incorrect or losing familial information that prevents the organic structure from doing the proteins needed to keep healthy musculuss. There are different types of muscular dystrophies that consequence different musculuss and consequences in different grades of musculus failing. But specifically two types are of import: Duchenne muscular dystrophy Becker muscular dystrophy. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Duchenne muscular dystrophy ( DMD ) is a terrible recessionary X-linked signifier of muscular dystrophy characterized by rapid patterned advance of musculus devolution. It is normally seen in males ( 1 in 3500 ) . Females are largely bearers, specifically do non demo any symptoms. The upset is caused by mutant in DMD cistron, located in human chromosome Xp21. DMD may ensue from m-RNA that contain out-of-frame displacement ( omissions, interpolations or splicing site mutants ) .This cistron codifications for Dystrophin protein, an of import structural constituent of musculus tissue. Dystrophin is responsible for linking the cytoskeleton of each musculus fibres to the underlying basal lamina through a protein complex incorporating many fractional monetary units. Symptom: The chief symptom of DMD is a progressive neuromuscular upset, is muscle failing associated with musculus blowing with the voluntary musculuss being affected, particularly pelvic and calf musculuss. Awkward mode of walking, running or stepping Frequent falls Fatigue Skeletal malformations ( scoliosis ) Increased lumbar hollow-back, taking to shortening of hip-flexor musculuss Pseudohypertophy of the calf musculuss Cardiacmyopathy is common Grower ‘s mark is seen in people who has terrible damage of lower appendages. DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY ( DMD ) is a familial disease in which the musculus of a patient ( male child ) suffers progressive harm, due to miss of dystrophin protein. It is a long unwellness in which the musculuss of a patient become bit by bit weaker and it later effects indispensable mechanism ( respiratory system, nervous system, bosom etc ) of the organic structure taking finally to decease of the DMD patient during early Twentiess ( 15 + year. )Diagnosis:Deoxyribonucleic acid trials Prenatal trials Muscle biopsy Deoxyribonucleic acid trials: The musculus -specific isoform of the dystrophin cistron is composed of 79exons, and DNA testing and analysis can normally place the specific type of mutant of the coding DNAs that are affected.DNA trial confirms the diagnosing in most instances. Prenatal trials: If one or both parents are bearers so there is a opportunity of inheriting to the following coevals, for this there are some antenatal trials. At 11-14 hebdomads of gestation chorionic villous sampling, at 15 hebdomads amniocentesis, at 18 hebdomads foetal blood sampling is done. Muscle biopsy: A little sample of musculus tissue is taken with a scalpel and a dye is applied that reveals the presence of dystrophin. Creatine kinase ( CPK-MM ) degrees will be high in blood watercourse. Familial testing can uncover familial mistakes in Xp21 cistron.Treatment:Corticosteroids such as Pediapred and deflazacort addition strength and energy of musculuss. Beta -2 agonists besides increase musculus strength Physical therapy is helpful to keep strength, flexibleness, and map Orthpaedic contraptions ( such as braces and wheelchairs ) may better mobility and self-care Stem cell replacing. Case survey: An 18-month-old male child was referred for neuromuscular rating and intervention following a visit with the household ‘s community baby doctor. Earlier lab work had revealed a Creatine Kinase ( CK ) degree of over 15,000 – consistent with neuromuscular disease. The male child ‘s female parent reported a household history of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ( DMD ) on her side. She has older kids, including another male child who is unaffected. Evaluation by a brain doctor, including a musculus biopsy, indicated the presence of DMD. The male child was referred to a paediatric rehabilitation medical specialty doctor for farther rating. Physical scrutiny showed the kid ‘s musculus tone was decreased, and he had pseudohypertrophy ( enlargement ) of his calf musculuss. He had full scope of gesture in his weaponries and legs, and was walking by himself. His female parent reported that he began walking at about 14 months of age. Although he moved reasonably good from sitting to standing, he did utilize a modified Gowers manoeuvre ( forcing up with his custodies on his articulatio genuss and legs, with his underside up, to accomplish a standing place ) . This is typical with Duchenne dystrophinopathy, bespeaking lower appendage failing around the hips and articulatio genuss. Neck musculus and upper appendage strength was satisfactory. The kid ‘s cognitive map appeared to be normal, and he was synergistic. His female parent reported that he participates good in age-appropriate activities with his equals. However, she did notice that he tired more easy than other kids his age. These findings are characteristic for DMD at an early age. The doctors discussed the kid ‘s hereafter with his parents, including possible intervention options as his disease progresses. Those options include assistive devices ( such as braces and mobility devices ) , physical and occupational therapy appraisals and intervention, and drug therapy. A familial counsellor interviewed the household and arranged for molecular familial testing to see if the kid has a cistron omission associated with DMD. Familial testing can assist nail the exact nature of DMD, every bit good as aid place if other household members could be affected. Referrals were besides made to societal services, to assist both the kid and his household place their strengths and demands within their community. As portion of the intervention program, the doctors recommended that the kid return to the neuromuscular clinic every six to twelve months for re-evaluation and necessary intercessions as he grows and develops. Timely intercessions, to assist forestall or decelerate complications related to DMD, will assist the kid maintain the best possible quality of life and might increase length of service. The male child was scheduled to undergo baseline testing of his strength, scope of gesture and functional ability by one of the healers the following clip he returns to clinic. Baseline proving can assist set up current map, every bit good as quantify the demand for and effectivity of specific interventions. Future baseline testing by cardiology and pulmonology services can besides assist the determination devising procedure.BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY:Becker muscular dystrophy is similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but is less common and progresses more easy. This affects about 1 in 30,000 male childs than in females. This is a familial X-linked disease characterized by the change of the distrophin cistron merchandise, a structural protein of import for keeping unity of skeletal and cardiac musculus cell cytoskeleton. Changes are normally due to inframe omissions or point mutants of the distrophin cistron, which is located on the chromosome Xp211. The skeletal musculus in this patient besides showed about all of the histological characteristics of Becker muscular dystrophy, including mortification, regeneration, endomysial fibrosis, dividing fibres and unnatural fluctuation in fiber size. Cardiac failure is the most common cause of decease in Becker muscular dystrophy patients. It is postulated that impaired myocardium leads to an increased work load on the left ventricle, leads to go forth ventricular expansion and mitral valve distension. This patient had terrible myocardiopathy with left and right ventricular expansion and mitral and tricuspid valve distension. Pulmonary vascular thickener suggests the presence of left bosom failure with subsequent development of pneumonic high blood pressure taking to right ventricular distension and possible right bosom failure.Symptoms:Many childs with muscular dystrophy can follow normal form of development during first few old ages of life. But in clip the symptoms began to look. A kid with MD may get down to falter, toddle, hold trouble in traveling upstairs, and a toe walk. A kid may get down to fight to acquire up from sitting place or hold difficult clip in forcing things like waggon. Childs with MD develops enlarged calf musculus ( pseudohypertrophy ) as musculus tissue is replaced by fat. Frequent falls Trouble in running, hopping, leaping Loss of musculus mass Breathing jobs Congestive bosom failure Loss of balance and coordination, wearinessTrials:CPK blood trial Electromyography ( EMG ) nervus proving Muscle biopsy or familial blood trial Diagnosis: The trials to find what type of MD is involved and to govern out other diseases that could do the job. These might include a blood trial to step degrees of serum creatine kinase, an enzyme that ‘s released into the blood stream, when musculus fibres are deteriorating. Elevated degrees indicate that something is doing musculus harm. The physician besides may make a blood trial to look into the Deoxyribonucleic acid for cistron abnormalcies or a musculus biopsy to look for forms of impairment and unnatural degrees of dystrophin, a protein that helps muscle cells maintain their form and length. There are several major signifiers of muscular dystrophy, which can impact the musculuss to changing grades. In some instances, MD starts doing musculus jobs in babyhood ; in others, symptoms do n't look until maturity. There is no remedy for MD. Doctors are working on bettering musculus and joint map and decelerating musculus impairment so that those with MD can populate as actively and independently as possible. Treatment: There is no known remedy for Becker muscular dystrophy. The end of intervention is to command symptoms to maximise the life of the affected individual. Doctors prescribe steroids to assist maintain a patient walking for every bit long as possible. Activity is encouraged. Inactivity ( such as bed remainder ) can do the musculus disease worse. Physical therapy may be helpful to keep musculus strength. Orthopedic contraptions such as braces and wheelchairs may better mobility and self-care. Familial guidance may be recommended. Daughters of a adult male with Becker muscular dystrophy may transport the faulty cistron and could go through it onto their boies.Examples:( dual heterozygote ) : Becker muscular dystrophy and X-linked colour sightlessness Jonathan, a 10-year-old male child, has Becker muscular dystrophy and colour sightlessness. His female parent, Mary, has normal colour vision, but her two brothers and maternal uncle have red-green colour sightlessness. Based on her household history, Mary is an obligate heterozygote, or bearer, of the X-linked cistron mutant for colour sightlessness. Molecular proving confirms that she besides carries a omission in one of her X-linked DMD cistrons, which accounts for the Becker muscular dystrophy in her boy. Though the two conditions are unrelated, Mary is known to be heterozygous at two separate venues on the X chromosome and is hence a dual heterozygote.Case survey:A 28 twelvemonth old adult male was admitted for haemoptysis, dyspnoea, febrility, icinesss, sickness, emesis, and icterus. At age 12 old ages, he was noted to hold scoliosis, and he described trouble running. Additional clinical findings at the clip of his first rating were enlarged calf musculuss, atrophic thoracic mu sculuss, elevated creatine phosphokinase degrees, every bit good as an unnatural EMG and musculus microscopy. The patient was was non followed for his status between the ages of 12 and 24 old ages. At the age of 24 old ages, echocardiography showed a badly dilated left ventricle with terrible planetary hypokinesis, mild atrial expansion, possible mural apical thrombus, and a little pericardiac gush. The patient was placed on Vasotec and Lanoxin. Repeat echocardiogram at the age of 27 old ages showed similar findings, and the patient was placed on Coumadin anticoagulation to forestall cardiac mural thrombi and emboli. Four months prior to his concluding admittance, he was hospitalized briefly for pneumonia and left ventricular bosom failure with pneumonic congestion. Given his deteriorating cardiac position, the patient was later placed on the cardiac organ transplant list two hebdomads prior to admittance. Past medical history revealed that his younger brother was diagnosed at age 14 old ages with dilated myocardiopathy that resulted in decease three hebdomads following the oncoming of terrible acute congestive bosom failure. Two other siblings and his parents are free of bosom disease. When admitted, the patient had haemoptysis, dyspnoea, febrility, icinesss, sickness, emesis, and icterus. His international normalized ratio on admittance was 6.6, and his white blood cell count was 16,400/uL. A chest X ray showed a mass-like consolidation of the right lower lobe of lung. He continued to hold episodes of haemoptysis, elevated white blood cell counts and elevated international normalized ratios asking Vitamin K therapy. Five yearss after admittance, the patient noted chest firing following bronchioloalveolar lavage. Shortly thenceforth, he was found to be asystolic without respirations. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation failed, and the patient died. The necropsy was limited to the thorax.

Health Care Industry Paper Essay

Introduction In today’s society, healthcare and the issues surrounding the topic has went through some major changes within the last decade. Some of these changes in my opinion were decent and very important when it comes to providing exceptional quality care in this health care industry. Although some of the changes were not so reasonable in the eyes of most, these changes were in the best interest for the economy and for the improvement of the healthcare industry as a whole. In this paper the author will attempt to explain how the healthcare industry has changed over the last 10 years, the biggest change in healthcare in the next 10 years, and the role the author plan to have in the health care industry in the near future. The author will also explain how she would adapt her skills along with the industry’s needs, and how her perception has changed over the course of the program here at University of Phoenix. Finally the author will explain the most significant impact of the program, the role technology will play in healthcare organizations in the upcoming decade, and the financial and economic issues that will affect the healthcare industry in the next 10 years. Optimistically after the reader has carefully observed the content in this paper, he/she will have a better understanding of the delivery of healthcare and the changes that are made to ensure a better future for our health. How has health care changed in the last 10 years? Health care has changed dramatically over the last 10 years and the changes for the most part has been very successful in regards to delivering quality service in healthcare. One major change that has been very significant in healthcare is the dramatic decrease in the mount of hospital stays after a major surgery or procedure is done. In the past, an individual that  participated in a major surgery would have stayed confined to a hospital for at least a week to ensure proper healing and recovery. Now 10 years later several individuals may have the same surgery procedure conducted and will be home in a couple of hours, days, and in some cases the same day depending on the severity of the surgery. Technology has been a major contributing factor behind the improvement and delivery of quality healthcare within the last 10 years. According to Burchill 2010, technology is intended to assist several organizations accomplish specific tasks easier and more rapidly. An organization has to stay ahead of all the new changes and frequently shifting routines within the health care system (Burchill, 2010). Technology has ensured faster service when admitting patients, recovering patient’s information, and when providing surgical procedures that reduces the amount of time a patient has to spend in the hospital for recovery. What do you think will be the biggest change in health care in the next 10 years? There are some significant changes that I have observed recently that will be a dramatic change in healthcare in the next ten years. Some of those significant changes are; the rising costs of healthcare, lack of procedures covered under certain insurances, lack of access to care, and uninsured individuals. The most significant change is that now all individuals have access to care and are covered with insurance u nder the Affordable Care Act. By allowing all individuals to receive healthcare insurance and be given access to care this should more than likely reduce illnesses and motivate individuals to take advantage of the resources that are available under the insurance to better take care of themselves. Another big change that will be very significant in healthcare delivery will be through telemedicine. Telemedicine is where physicians and other healthcare providers can actually see and evaluate patients over the Internet. Many smaller communities in the United States are already utilizing telemedicine to great advantage (Burchill, 2010).Although telemedicine is a great way to deliver quality healthcare in a timely fashion, there is also a downside to the procedure as well. Telemedicine will in some way hinder the face to face communication between the doctor and patient that is vital in reducing errors. Most patients have a better understanding of what is expected of them when it is communicated clearly and effectively by their physician. Communication is the process of understanding and having meaning (Du Pre, 2005.) and it is  also the process of relaying information between people by the use of words, letters, symbols, or body language (Sallee & Forrest, 2005,). In my opinion I feel that telemedicine will decrease the moral as far as the Dr. and Patients are concerned. Although telemedicine may decrease a portion of the healthcare cost by less visits to the doctor, it will lose the value and importance of actually sitting down and talking with your doctor and receiving that one on one face to face time. Most patients are not even in tuned with technology and this can result in many errors and communication issues. What role do you plan to have in the industry? I think once I have entered the healthcare industry I will play a vital role in implementing fair but tough decision making when it comes to delivering efficient, friendly, quality healthcare. I feel that I will make reasonable decisions based on the enhancement of the facility while considering the needs of my patients and stakeholders as. I will be a leader that encourages a comfortable work environment where individuals are relaxed when reporting to work that will ultimately result in a productive staff that provides quality healthcare to our patients. How will you adapt your skills to evolve along with the industry’s needs? The skills that I have adapted here at University of Phoenix has changed my way of thinking. It has also assisted me with analyzing specific situations thinking outside of my way of thinking. So once I start working in the health care field, I will first observe my strengths and weaknesses within the organization, I would attempt to ask for advice on my weak areas, I will shadow other health care administrators, and I would also be willing to further my education to evolve with the industry’s needs if necessary. Has your perception of health care changed over the course of your program? What has had the most significant impact? Since I have been a student here at University of Phoenix my perception of healthcare has changed dramatically. I now have a better understanding of the different legal and state regulations that are involved, the stakeholders, and also how physicians and patients are billed for services received. This program has opened my eyes to a variety of situations that I did not know about in regards to healthcare. The most significant impact to me is the amount of individuals that were not covered under any type of insurance. I did not know that there were so many  uninsured individuals in the world. Now that I am aware of the problem of the uninsured, I am very satisfied with knowing that the Affordable Care Act will be something in motion to guarantee that all citizens will be covered under some type of insurance. What role will technology play in health care organizations in the coming decade? Technology will play a very important role in healthcare in the coming decade because technology in my opinion will become more advanced. I really do believe that most services such as x-rays, cat scans, etc. will be conducted without the patients leaving the comfort of their own home. What financial and economic issues will affect the health care industry in the next 10 years? I believe that with all the new technology out there, there will be more ‘baby boomers† and individuals living and this will have a significant impact on the health care industry in the next 10 years. The healthcare cost will rise significantly because with these individuals living longer there has to be individuals there to care for them and health services must be provided. Conclusion In Conclusion, The author explained how the healthcare industry has changed over the last 10 years, the biggest change in healthcare in the next 10 years, and the role the author plan to have in the health care industry in the near future along with how she would adapt her skills along with the industry’s needs, and how her perception has changed over the course of the program here at University of Phoenix. Finally the author explained the most significant impact of the program, the role technology has played in healthcare organizations in the upcoming decade, and the financial and economic issues that will affect the healthcare industry in the next 10 years. Hopefully after the reader has carefully observed the content in this paper, he/she will have a better understanding of the delivery of healthcare and the changes that are made to ensure a better future for our health. References Burchill, K. R. (2010, July/August). ARRA and meaningful use: Is your organization ready. Journal of Healthcare Management, 55(4), 232-235. Du Pre, A. (2005). Communicating about health: Current issues and perspectives (2nd ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill. Sallee, A. & Forrest, S. (2005). Effective communication and conflict resolution. In Contemporary nursing issues and trends (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby

Comparing Dietrich Bonhoeffer And Martin Luther King

Protecting the rights and dignity of the poor and oppressed is the most important moral duty of the church.’ Critically evaluate this statement with reference to Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Martin Luther King. Bonhoeffer and King: Their legacies and Import for Christian Social Thought, ed. by W. Jenkins and J. M. McBride (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2010) Pg. 207 â€Å"Whenever Christ calls us, his call leads us to death†, Bonhoeffer had been challenging his seminarians to make the choice before them to embrace the cross of Christ by sharing in his suffering and death Pg.208 Christ does not cease working in us until he has changed us into Christ’s own image. Our goal is to be shaped into the entire form of the incarnate, the crucified, and the risen one. Bonhoeffer encouraged that Christ’s followers are to enter into solidarity with those who have been victimized by those forces of oppression, political domination, and persecution that rob innocent people of their God-given dignity as created in the image and likeness of none other than Jesus Christ himself Whoever from now on attacks the least of the people attacks Christ, who took on human form and who in himself has restored the image of God for all who bear a human countenance. Pg. 209 Niebuhr enabled King to see more clearly the rationalizations invoked by political leaders and the nations they governed that justified blatantly sinful actions as they relentlessly pursued their own special interests to the detriment of

Research on the Cognitive Moral Development Theories of...

Running head: PIAGET KOHLBERG RESEARCH ON THE COGNITIVE MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORIES OF JEAN PIAGET LAWRENCE KOHLBERG DONNA O. O CONNOR INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF THE CARIBBEAN ABSTRACT The intention of this paper is to provide an overview of the psychological theories of Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg. While Piaget s perspective was psychological, Kholberg s viewpoint was psychological with emphasis placed on moral development and both theories will be compared and contrasted in this paper. Furthermore, the implications of these theories for counselling will be examined. RESEARCH ON THE COGNITIVE MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORIES OF JEAN PIAGET LAWRENCE KOHLBERG JEAN PIAGET Jean Piaget, Swiss biologist, philosopher, and†¦show more content†¦Humans also have a biological drive to obtain balance or equilibrium between the schemes and the environment and this is what drives the adaptation. Infants are born with schema operating at birth, which are called reflexes, which are used to adapt to the environment. These reflexes are soon replaced with constructed schemata, which are used throughout life as the person adapts to the environment. Piaget s first stage is the sensorimotor stage, which lasts from birth to about two years. Intelligence at this point is based on physical and motor activity without the use of symbols. Hence the child uses mobility, crawling, and walking to facilitate knowledge. The child s progress is visible through the modification of reflexes in response to the environment. It is at this stage that the child learns object permanence, understanding that objects continue to exist even though they cannot be seen. The end of the stage is manifested in the immature use of symbols and language development that signals the transition to the second stage (Morris and Maisto, 2008). The preoperational stage is the second stage and lasts from age two to about age seven. Intelligence is demonstrated at this stage through the use of symbols, particularly the development of language. Memory and imagination are developed and children are able to mentally represent objects andShow MoreRelatedMoral And Social Developments Of Children1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe moral and social developments of children in their first years of life are critical. Children go through many stages that influence their lives such as family, school, friends and technologic or the media. During infancy, children learn from the people around them to recognize the good and bad in this way begin to form their idea of morality. Researchers like as Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg carefully studied moral reasoning of children and girls. 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